EJPAU, 1998, Volume 1, Issue 1

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1(1) #04
01 Oct 1998
Fisheries
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A total of 150 pikeperch individuals caught in 1998 in the Pomeranian Bay were examined. The fish were picked out from 4 samples: 3 were obtained in March and 1 in April 1998. The standard methods of length and weight growth rate determination were used. When determining fish age, the verge coefficient was factored in (if Kr > 0.50, 1 was added to the scale annual ring count).
1(1) #06
29 Oct 1998
Food Science and Technology
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Two methods of drying were applied: air-drying (temp.50 oC, time 5h) and freeze drying. The content of water in dried chive was about 3%. The quality of chive was tested before and immediately after drying and than after 3, 6, 9 and 12-months storage. Compared with air-drying, the freeze-drying method allows the production of dried chive characterized by more favourable organoleptic traits and chemical composition, although the organoleptic quality of air-dried chive may be regarded as fairly good. After 12-months storage of chive dried by these two methods the content of dry matter, total sugars, total nitrogen, ash, beta-carotene, and total chlorophylls and the degree of active acidity and ash alkalinity were not statistically different. During the drying procedure and the storing of dried chive losses of 24-34% concerned vitamin C, of 11-18% beta-carotene, of 19-21% - chlorophylls, and of 47-82% - volatile oils, always being greater in the air-dried product. On the other hand, the content of n
1(1) #02
05 Apr 1998
Fisheries
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The “Safir” trout feed (Aller Aqua) was offered to carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry of 21 + 5 g/ind. initial weight, stocked at a density of 300 ind./m3 in cages placed in cooling water. Identical rations (5 – 4.0% metabolic weight) were offered for 6, 12, and 18 h per day. The data obtained showed the best results (as indicated by SGR and FCR) of culturing carp of up to about 75 g individual weight were obtained when the feeding took 18 h, 12 – 18 h being the best duration of feeding for the carp weighing 75 – 130 g. No effect of duration of feeding was observed in the carp weighing more than 130 g.
1(1) #01
12 May 1998
Environmental Development
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The article presents research results gained when purifying living – economic sewage in plant – soil water treatment of 24 hour flow capacity of 110 m3.
1(1) #05
24 Oct 1998
Food Science and Technology
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During the last few years a significant increase in goats population all over the world is observed. It is expected that in the year 2000 the total number of these animals will probably reach ca. 900 millions [2, 5]. Also in Poland a renewed increase of interest in goat breeding can be seen. The population of these domestic animals is mostly used for milk production. Only goats eliminated from further breeding and/or older, rejected animals are used as a source of meat.
1(1) #02
21 Jul 1998
Environmental Development
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The environment microbiological assessment concerning a utilisation plant was conducted, basing on the occurrence of Salmonella spp., E. coli and feces streptococci in it. Most of the examined microorganisms were isolated in summer time in the septic part of the plant, that is on the unloading platform, in the dissection room, in the offal container, and in the load-carrying body and tyres of cars transporting carcass. Salmonella spp. occurred 3 times in insignificant quantities. In the non-septic part of the plant the fecal bacteria occurred in the mill room, more infrequently in the sift room and in the engine room. The meat-and-bone meal did not raise any objections in the health-hygienic respect. Among numerous faults, the lack of proper room separation of septic and non-septic parts of the plant calls for particular attention.
1(1) #03
18 Jun 1998
Fisheries
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Length and weight growth rates of 206 bream individuals caught in 1992 and 1995 were back-calculated. Different types (non-linear vs. linear) of a relationship between the scale caudal radius and body length were revealed to prevail in the two years. The 1992 bream grew very rapidly during the first four years of life, the growth rate slowing down later on. On the other hand, the bream growth in 1995 was more uniform over time. No sex- or age-dependent differences in growth rate were found. The Lake Dąbie bream population belongs to the fast growing populations of the species.
1(1) #01
15 Sep 1998
Veterinary Medicine
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1(1) #02
30 Nov 1998
Veterinary Medicine
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Microbiological and parasitologic investigations dealing with the influence of aeration on fecal bacteria and Ascaris suum eggs survival in cattle slurry were carried out. The results showed that already the first stage of aeration (reactor I) eliminated quickly a number of Salmonella senftenberg (105 times during 2.5 hours in relation to the control test) and EHEC (108 times during 2.5 hours in relation to the control test) respectively. The longest survival time was for D group streptococci. Inactivation of Ascaris suum eggs due to thermic conditions fluctuated between 50 and 90 minutes. The final stage of aeration (reactor II) completely destroyed pathogen germs and Ascaris suum eggs present in cattle slurry.
1(1) #01
23 Oct 1998
Food Science and Technology
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Application of vegetable fat in experimental production of comminuted, scalded sausages was studied in this paper. An essential part (20,35 or 50%) of animal fat was substituted with food grade rape oil, and the influence of such substitution on the quality of final products was determined. Results of sensoric examination showed no significant differences between control (without oil) and oil contained sausages with substitution level equal to 35%.
1(1) #01
05 Apr 1998
Fisheries
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Morphomechanical changes appearing during embryonic development of Scardinius erythrophthalmus L. were followed. Upon complete egg hydration, the yolk together with the embryo was found to occupy about 30% of egg volume, the perivitelline space making up the remaining 70%. The embryonic disc, and the embryo later on, were always located laterally in the egg.
As in many other cyprinids, the developing eggs of S. erythrophthalmus contain no strucutral lipids in the form of droplets.
At the mid-point of embryogenesis, the yolk begins to divide; as a result, a vitellar diverticulum – elongating as the development continues – appears under the caudal part of the fast growing embryo. After hatching, the diverticulum is transformed into the posterior part of the body cavity. Until hatching, the S. erythrophtalmus embryos lack melanophores both in the skin and in the eyes.
1(1) #01
18 Jun 1998
Agronomy
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The research aimed at defining the migration potential for the polio enterovirus in two soil profiles (podzolic soil and black earth) fertilised with sewage. The experimental fields were being fertilised with a 1:1 mixture of effluent and atenuated polio virus, strain Lsc2ab. After 28 days samples were taken for virus-oriented research. A slight virus penetration deep into the soil profiles was observed. The highest titres were obtained in the surface layer (0-2.5 cm) and they were, respectively: for the podzolic soil - 10 5.72 TCID50/g and for black earth 104.33 TCID50/g of the soil. The polio virus did not migrate beyond the humus layer. In podzolic soil it was observed to 20-25 cm deep, however in the black earth 15-20 cm deep. The physical properties and chemical analysis of the podzolic soil were slightly more favourable for virus migration deep into the soil.
1(1) #05
01 Oct 1998
Fisheries
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Observations on the embryonic development of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), carried out in horizontal and vertical light beams, revealed that volume of the entire complex (egg cell with membrane and jelly envelope) increased by the end of embryogenesis by some 50%.
1(1) #04
04 Dec 1998
Veterinary Medicine
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The aim of this elaboration is an attempt to specify in detail the electrocardiographic curve for clinically healthy dogs representing 9 selected purpose breeds.
1(1) #01
20 Nov 1998
Animal Husbandry
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Analyses on variability of trypsine inhibitor content in cow colostrum and its composition during first 5 milkings after parturition, in dependence with method of milking were performed. Cows were distributed into 3 groups: I - complete colostrum milking in successive milkings after parturition - control (18 cows); II - leaving approx. 30% of colostrum (more complete milking) in first 5 milkings after parturition (18 cows); III - leaving approx. 60% of colostrum (less complete milking) in first 5 milkings after parturition (18 cows).
1(1) #02
20 Nov 1998
Animal Husbandry
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The aim of the study was to define micro-organisms in polar vixen vagina and changes in vagina microfloral content during sexual cycle.
1(1) #04
15 Jul 1998
Food Science and Technology
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Wheat grain was exposed to gamma ionising irradiation at selected doses between 0.05-10 kGy and microwave radiation from 45 to 180 sec. The sensory evaluation of a grain odour proved that both applied treatments, gamma and microwave irradiation, did not cause significant changes in the grain odour in comparison to control samples of grain with the exclusion of maximum irradiation dose 10 kGy, and maximum microwave heating time 180 sec. The results obtained after measurement of the grain reflected-light showed that gamma 60Co irradiation did not cause any changes in grain colour. The grain after microwave heating at 90, 120, 180 sec was characterised by significantly higher lightness (L*) value. The total colour difference (E) between microwave irradiated samples and the control ones was increasing gradually, with the increase in temperature. The yellowness (b*) and the redness (a*) values were statistically significantly higher in the case
1(1) #02
28 May 1998
Agronomy
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The penetration of bovine enterovirus, LCR - 4 strain deep into soil profiles in the field conditions was researched. Three soil types were selected: podzolic soil, black earth and browned black earth. The soils differed considerably in respect to their physical properties and chemical analysis. The best conditions for drainage were observed in podzolic soil, whereas the worst - in browned black earth. Experimental plots were being sprinkled with the 1:1 mixture of bovine enterovirus (at the concen-tration of 1x106.0 TCID50/1 ml) and slurry. The enterovirus researched, in any soil, migrated to the depth of 7.5 to 10 cm. The highest titres were observed in the surface layers of black earth and podzolic soil (0-2.5 cm). They differed from 102.72 - 104.27 TCID50/g of the soil. With depth the titres decreased, with slight fluctuations observed.
1(1) #06
30 Nov 1998
Veterinary Medicine
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The research was conducted on 7 inter-breed hybrid sheep, at the age from 10 to 48 months and of the body mass of 32-47 kg, which had bipolar electrodes implanted to the uterus shank and horns. The registration of uterus myoelectrical activity was performed on non-sensitised sheep and 24-48 hours after stilboestrol sensitisation, with the use of electroencephalograph. After recording the output activity, the sheep were administered in continuous infusion: adrenaline – agonist of alpha and beta – adrenergic receptors in the dose of 0.12-0.18 μg · kg-1 · min-1; detomidin – agonist of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the dose of 0.1 – 1.1 μg · kg-1 · min-1; phenylephryn – agonist of alpha1-adrenergic receptors in the dose of 2.1 – 2.9 μg · kg-1 · min-1; xylasine – agonist of alpha2-adrenergic receptors in the dose of 0.5 – 4.0 μg · kg-1 · min-1; prazosin – antagonist of alpha1
1(1) #03
30 Nov 1998
Veterinary Medicine
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The subject of investigations was the evaluation of sanitary-hygienic state of slurry subject to anaerobic fermentation in bioreactor under thermophilic conditions. The influence of anaerobic fermentation on the survival of Salmonella senftenberg, EHEC and streptococci D group was specified. It turned out from investigations that after 4 hours the number of Salmonella senftenberg and EHEC bacteria decreased 108 times in relation to the control test. The lowest elimination rate was for streptococci D group. The percentage of invasive eggs of Ascaris suum decreased after 4 hours from 89% to 7%. The investigation proved proper run of anaerobic process in bioreactor and sufficient desinfection of cattle slurry.
1(1) #05
05 Dec 1998
Veterinary Medicine
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The research was conducted on 5 inter-breed hybrid sheep, at the age of 10 to 24 months and of the body mass of 30-45 kg, which had bipolar electrodes implanted to uterus horns and shank. The registration of uterus myoelectric activity was performed on sheep 24 and 48 hours after sensitising with Stilboestrol, by the use of Reega Duplex TR XVI electroencephalograph. After recording the output activity, the sheep were applied intravenously in continuous injection: adrenaline – 0,12-0,18 μg · kg-1 · min-1, oxytocin – 0,25-0,4 i.u., propranolol – 1mg · kg-1, isoprenaline – 0,4-1,5 μg · kg-1 · min-1, salbutamole – 0,4-0,8 μg · kg-1 · min-1. The experiment results are presented in the inclosed drawings. The conducted research revealed that the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors causes the decrease or inhibition of uterus myoelectric activity of sheep sensitised with Stilboestrol. Beta-adrenergic receptors in sheep ute
1(1) #03
14 Jul 1998
Animal Husbandry
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In the experiment the results of fattening of broiler chickens of Starbro and Hybro N lines raised in 8 poultry houses of Poultry Farm in Chotycze were analysed.
1(1) #05
20 Aug 1998
Agronomy
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Sitophilus oryzae L. was bred on wheat grains with different doses of ground Foeniculum vulgare fruit powder. The powder added lowered the fertility of Sitophilus not only in the generation exposed to it but also in the succeeding generation (F1) bred with no Foeniculum vulgare powder added.
1(1) #03
29 Oct 1998
Food Science and Technology
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The principal aim of this study was to modify the method of using starter culture in the production of some raw sausages to improve their quality. The sausages ("Polish Salami") were manufactured using significant amount of blood plasma proteins as a substitute for meat protein (up to 20%). Preliminary condensed porcine blood plasma (with protein content of ca 20%), containing 2% of NaCl, 2% of lactose and 1% of glucose was incubated with 5% addition of microbial cultures mixture (Lb.brevis, Lb.casei, Str.lactis, St.cremoris, Candide kefyr) at 28(C for 24 hours. The initial microbiological modification of blood plasma resulted in a better distribution of high active micro-organisms in whole mass of raw material and, as a result, in improving the sensoric properties of final products. A higher content of volatile low fatty acids (30-60%, depending on the level of blood plasma addition) as result of more intensive fermentation process was observed. No changes of sausages
1(1) #02
13 Nov 1998
Food Science and Technology
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This paper presents a method of juice production from two varieties of root parsley with the use of enzymatic preparations. Two preparations PECTINEX BE and ROHAPECT D5-L were used in the study. Yield and chemical composition of juices as a function of the kind and/or dose of each preparation were examined. It was found that the PECTINEX BE offers better effects in comparison to the ROHAPECT preparation. Higher yields of juice were obtained from parsley of the FAKIR variety. This juice exhibited higher contents of dry matter, extract and total carbohydrates. The results of statistical analysis have shown that an increase of enzymatic preparations did not always result in the significant increase of yield of juice and contents of its selected chemical compounds.
1(1) #03
23 Jul 1998
Agronomy
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Chemical control of weeds in some environments and due to the condition and degree of weed-growth does not bring expected results. For that reason alternative methods have been searched for. Biological control of weeds has been traditionally perceived as reducing the agrophage population to such a level where they do not constitute a threat. In the present research, an attempt has been made to introduce Aglais urticae L. to control the population of Parietaria pensylvanica M. ex. Willd.
1(1) #04
20 Aug 1998
Agronomy
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The oats were observed to be the species mostly damaged by Oulema ssp. phytophages which is represented by the highest damage indexes of the plant in all the objects researched. The two other species: barley and spring triticale are much less sensitive to feeding of the pest. The initial damage which was due to the complementary feeding was hidden due to the compensation capabilities of the cereals. Spring barley, which tillers most, compensated for the damage most considerably. The economic harmfulness of the Oulema feeding may be estimated only in shooting phase, when also the larvae start skeleting of leaf blades. In barley and spring triticale a considerably lower larvae feeding was observed when compared with leaf beetles. The co-ordinate cultivation of the researched species with fodder pea and in two-ingredient cereal mixtures enhances the damage reduction caused by Oulema feeding.

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