Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities (EJPAU) founded by all Polish Agriculture Universities presents original papers and review articles relevant to all aspects of agricultural sciences. It is target for persons working both in science and industry,regulatory agencies or teaching in agricultural sector. Covered by IFIS Publishing (Food Science and Technology Abstracts), ELSEVIER Science - Food Science and Technology Program, CAS USA (Chemical Abstracts), CABI Publishing UK and ALPSP (Association of Learned and Professional Society Publisher - full membership). Presented in the Master List of Thomson ISI.
2008
Volume 11
Issue 2
Topic:
Horticulture
ELECTRONIC
JOURNAL OF
POLISH
AGRICULTURAL
UNIVERSITIES
Ja¶kiewicz B. 2008. THE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF APHIDS COLONIZING ROSE SHRUBS IN LUBLIN, EJPAU 11(2), #08.
Available Online: http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume11/issue2/art-08.html

THE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF APHIDS COLONIZING ROSE SHRUBS IN LUBLIN

Bożenna Ja¶kiewicz
Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture in Lublin, Poland

 

ABSTRACT

The studies dealing with the species composition and the population dynamics of aphids were conducted in Lublin in the years 2002-2004. They included two rose species – Rosa caninaL. and Rosa rugosa Thunb., growing in two sites: a street one and a park one. The purpose of the present paper was to establish the species composition and the population dynamics of aphids preying on those plants. Six aphid species were observed on R. canina shrubs, and three species – on R. rugosa shrubs. The dominating species on R. canina shrubs was Macrosiphum rosae L., while the presence of Chaetosiphon tetrahordus Walk. was found on R. rugosa. More aphids colonized the shrubs growing in the street sites as compared to the park site. Particular aphid species colonized most plant parts on the shrubs of R. canina and R. rugosa.

Key words: aphids, Rosa canina, Rosa rugosa, species composition, population dynamics.

INTRODUCTION

Roses are an exceptionally valuable decorative element of green areas in the cities. They are characterized by beautiful appearance and very ornamental flowers. Rosa rugosa shrubs grow densely, forming a nice decorative effect, with a compact form creating a barrier which is difficult to overcome. That is the reason why they are readily used as hedges. Their fruit constitute the source of food for birds, at he same time providing them with safe shelter. Rosa canina shrubs are very decorative, they have beautiful, full flowers, and when planted in bigger groups, they form colourful spots against the city greenery.

Rose shrubs are readily colonized by phytophagous insects from different systematic groups. Aphids, whose considerable reproductive potential makes them colonize the plant very fast, are especially burdensome. Their preying lowers the ornamental value of plants since they not only weaken the plants but also exudate honey-dew, where fungi develop.

The purpose of the present paper was to establish the species composition and the population dynamics of aphids preying on two rose species (Rosa rugosa and Risa canina), growing in two different types of sites.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The studies dealing with the species composition and the population dynamics of aphids were conducted in Lublin in the years 2002-2004. They included two rose species – Risa rugosa and Rosa canina, growing in two different types of sites – a street site (A1 and A2) and a park one (B). The street sites were situated in two places. The first one (A1), where Rosa canina grew, lay in the centre of Lublin, in the University quarter, close to the office of the Rector’s Office of Agricultural University. It is an area of heavy traffic and it is characterized by considerable abundance of the species of trees, ornamental shrubs and herbal plants. The other street site (A2) was situated in the south-eastern part of Lublin, at the cross roads of Droga Męczenników Majdanka and Krańcowa streets. This area is characterized by heavy traffic, which is connected with considerable air pollution in the region. There, numerous plants of R. rugosa, on which observations were conducted, were found besides a lot of species of trees and ornamental shrubs. On the other hand, the park site was situated in the Botanical Garden of UMCS, where both R. rugosa and R. canina grew. A large collection of plants is gathered in the area of the Garden, which includes about 6.000 species and is divided into a few sections. The plants selected for studies grew within the rosarium.

3 shrubs of each rose species were chosen on each of the sites. 5 shoots of similar length, where winged and wingless aphids were counted, were randomly chosen on each shrub. The review of plants was made about every 10 days, from early spring till late autumn. The studies by Blackmann and Eastop [1], Müller [12] and Szelęgiewicz [13] were used to mark the species. Meteorological data were obtained from the Chair of Agrometeorology of Agricultural University in Lublin.

RESULTS

The studies conducted on the shrubs of R. canina found out the occurrence of six aphid species: Macrosiphum rosae L., Chaetosiphon tetrarhodus Walk., Metopolophium dirhodum Walk., Myzaphis rosarum Kalt., Maculolachnus submacula Walk and Aphis fabae Scop., whereas three aphid species were observed on R. rugosa shrubs: Macrosiphum rosae L., Chaetosiphom tetrarhodus Walk. and Metopolophium dirhodum Walk.

The population dynamics of aphids colonizing the studied rose shrubs is presented in photos 1-9, while the course of weather conditions in the studied years is shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1. Weather conditions in the years 2002-2004

Month

Temperature, ºC

Rainfalls

Relative humidity

monthly means

multi-year’ means

monthly

multi-year’ means

monthly means

2002

2003

2004

1951-2000

2002

2003

2004

1951-2000

2002

2003

2004

January

-1.6

-3.4

-3.1

-3.6

35.6

23.2

32.7

21.7

87

91

92

February

3.5

-6.2

-1.1

-2.8

45.2

25.0

52.5

24.8

76

88

83

March

4.7

1.6

2.7

1.0

33.2

6.6

33.9

25.8

69

74

77

April

8.6

6.5

7.9

7.5

18.3

10.7

38.1

40.6

65

65

64

May

17.3

16.3

11.9

13.0

28.6

71.4

38.0

58.3

62

69

70

June

17.8

17.4

15.8

16.5

116.8

39.6

49.9

65.8

71

67

72

July

21.6

19.8

18.0

17.9

126.2

98.1

90.5

78

69

76

84

August

20.5

18.9

18.3

17.3

18.7

27.0

48.5

69.7

66

63

85

September

12.9

13.5

12.8

12.9

42.5

29.0

14.2

52.1

75

69

86

October

6.8

5.3

10.1

7.9

92.9

50.1

19.1

40.3

86

88

91

November

4.7

4.9

1.2

2.5

22.9

17.0

58.2

39.1

85

92

94

December

-7.1

0.2

1.3

-1.4

11.7

36.3

17.1

31.5

87

85

92

Table 2. Dates of the occurrence of temepratures above 30°C and stormy rainfalls in the years 2002-2004

Year

Temperature above 30ºC

Stormy rainfalls

month

day

month

day

2002

April

-

April

21

May

-

May

17, 24, 26

June

20, 21, 23

June

4, 13

July

3, 4, 10, 14, 15, 18, 28, 29, 30, 31

July

4, 11, 19

August

1, 17, 23

August

1

September

-

September

8

October

-

October

26

2003

May

-

May

10, 11

June

22

June

6, 27, 30

July

12

July

1, 5, 19, 22, 26

August

11

August

-

2004

May

-

May

9

June

-

June

8

July

19, 21, 22

July

19

August

19, 20

August

9

Aphids colonizing the shrubs of Rosa canina L.

Macrosiphum rosae L. (Photos 1, 2)
In 2002 the presence of the first individuals of M. rosae on the shrubs on R. canina in site A1 was found in the second 10-days’ period of April (Photo 1). Those were two wingless specimens. Successive observations found out an increase of the aphid population, both the green and the pink ones. The maximum number was reached in the first 10 days of June (256.9 specimens/shrub). In the third 10-days’ period of June only the presence of singular aphids was observed, while between the first and the second 10-days’ period of autumn they completely disappeared. This was probably caused by the occurrence of high temperature and stormy rainfalls at that time. Aphids of this species was again observed on roses in the third 10-days’ period of August and they remained on the shrubs with varying intensity till the second 10-days’ period of October. After the ground frost at the end of October they completely disappeared.

Photo 1. Macrosiphum rosae L. on Rosa sp.

Photo 2. Larvae of Macrosiphum rosae L. on Rosa sp.

Fig. 1. Population dynamics of Macrosiphum rosae L. on Rosa canina L. in the years 2002-2004 in particular sites

In site B the first scarce aphids occurred in the third 10-days’ period of April. Warm spring with the rainfalls below the norm favoured the dynamic development of those insects. There were much more aphids of the green type. The maximum number was observed a month earlier as compared to site A1, in the first 10 days of May (236.0 specimens/shrub). During the further observations the aphid population decreased until it completely disappeared in the first 10 days of June. Till the end of the vegetation season the shrubs of R. canina were free from the aphids of this species.
The total mean number of M. rosae specimens in site A1 in 2002 was 690.0 aphids per shrub, while in site B 516.8 aphids per shrub.

In 2003 the first aphids M. rosae in site A1 were observed in the second 1-days’ period of May. Till the third 10-days’ period of June they occurred with changing intensity, and in the first 10 days of July the peak of their population was found out (339.3 specimens/shrub). In the third 10-days’ period of that month a complete disappearance of aphids took place on the examined shrubs, which lasted till the second 10-days’ period of September. Between the third 10-days’ period of September and the end of November M. rosae aphids occurred with varying intensity (from 0.3 to 12.7 specimens/shrub). Their complete disappearance occurred at the beginning of December.

In site B, like in site A1, the first aphids were observed in the second 10-days’ period of May. They preyed in big numbers on the studied shrubs till the second 10-days’ period of July, and their maximum population fell in the first 10 days of July (270.3 specimens/shrub). Between the end of July and the end of November aphids occurred in small numbers, with the population varying from 0 to 28.0 specimens/shrub. The disappearance of the aphid colonies, like in site A1, was found in the first 10 days of December.
In 2003 the total mean number of specimens in site A1 was 1204.0 aphids per shrub, while in site B 1030.3 aphids per shrub.

The first specimens of M. rosae aphids in site A1 in 2004 were observed in the third 10-days’ period of May. Their presence on the shrubs was observed till the end of July, and the peak population was found in the first 10 days of June (247.0 specimens/shrub). The next appearance of aphids was observed once in the first 10 days of November (0.6 specimen/shrub). On the other hand, the appearance of the first aphids in site B was observed much earlier than in site A1 – in the first 10 days of May. The maximum population was observed about a month later, in the first 10 days of June (266.3 specimens/shrub). Till the first ten days of September they occurred with changing intensity. M. rosae aphids were observed again only in the first 10 days of November (2.3 specimens/shrub).
The total number of M. rosae specimens in 2004 was 511.3 aphids per shrub in site A1, and 793.7 aphids per shrub in site B.

M.rosae aphids colonized the top parts of shoots and the flower buds. Their preying led to the deformation, discoloration, drying out and dying out of the colonized plant parts.

Chaetosiphom tetrarhodus Walk. (Photos 3, 4)
In 2002 no presence of aphids of this species were found on any of the observed shrubs of R. canina, either in site A1 or B (Fig. 2).

Photo 3. A winged aphid of Chaetosiphon tetrarhodus Walk. on Rosa sp.

Photo 4. A bud of Rosa rugosa Thunb. Colonized by Chaetosiphon tetrarhodus Walk.

 

Fig. 2. Population dynamics of Chaetosiphon tetrarhodus Walk. on Rosa canina L in the years 2002-2004 in particular sites

In 2003 the first aphids were observed in site A1 in the second 10-days’ period of May, and they were present till the middle of June. During the successive four observations the shrubs were free from aphids of this species, and they appeared again in small numbers at the beginning of August. From then on the aphid population increased, reaching the maximum in the first 10 days of October (21.7 specimens/shrub). The disappearance of aphids was found in the first 10 days of November.

In site B Ch. tetrarhodus aphids appeared in the second 10-days’ period of May. They occurred scarcely and irregularly throughout the vegetation season. The maximum population was observed in the third 10-days’ period of October (17.2 specimens/shrub), and they disappeared a month later as compared to site A1, namely in the first 10 days of December.
In 2003 the total mean number of Ch. tetrarhodus aphids in site A1 was 98.7 aphids per shrub, and in site B 77.7 aphids per shrub.

In 2004 the first aphids in site A1 were found in the third 10-days’ period of May, and in site B in the first 10 days of June. They occurred irregularly in both sites throughout the vegetation period. The highest number of aphids in site A1 was observed in the third 10-days’ period of October (105.0 specimens/shrub), and in site B in the first 10 days of June (68.6 specimens/shrub).
In 2004 the total mean number of Ch. tetrarhodus aphids in site A1 was 261.7 aphids per shrub, and in site B – 77.3 aphids per shrub.

Aphids Ch. tetrarhodus colonized the lower part of leaves and the rose buds. Considering their scarce and irregular presence, no clear injuries caused by their preying were found in the vegetation season.

Metopolophium dirhodum Walk. (Photos 5, 6)
In 2002 the presence of M. dirhodum aphids was found only in site B and it was exclusively during one observation, in the third 10-days’ period of May (Fig. 3). Their population included 0.6 specimen/shrub.

Photo 5. A winged aphid of Metopolophium dirhodum Walk. on Rosa sp.

Photo 6. Metopolophium dirhodum Walk. on Rosa sp.

Fig. 3. Population dynamics of Metopolophium dirhodum Walk. on Rosa canina L. in the years 2002-2004 in particular sites

In 2003 the course of the population dynamics of M. dirhodum aphids in both sites was similar. The first specimens of this species were not observed until in the second 10-days’ period of September. The maximum population was reached in the first 10 days of October; in site A1 it was 70.7 specimens/shrub, while in site B 73.0 specimens/shrub. The colony disappearance was found in the first 10 days of December.
Totally, the mean number of aphids in site A1 in 2003 was 126.0 aphids per shrub, and in site B 154.3 aphids per shrub.

In 2004 aphids were observed in site A1 only in the third 10-days’ period of September. Their number was then 16.3 specimens/shrub. In site B aphids appeared in the third 10-days’ period of May, after which the disappearance of the colonies lasted till the first 10 days of October. In the second 10-days’ period of October they reached the maximum population (12.0 specimens/shrub), while in the second 10-days’ period of November the disappearance of the aphid colony took place.
Totally, the mean number of aphids in 2004 was 16.3 aphids per shrub in site A1 and 23.3 aphids per shrub in site B.

Myzaphis rosarum (Kalt.) (Photo 7)
In 2002 the occurrence of the first scarce aphids of this species was found in both sites in the third 10-days’ period of May (Fig. 4). Further studies in site A1 showed a considerable increase of the aphid population. The weather was conducive to their development. The peak number was found out in the third 10-days’ period of June (188.6 specimens/shrub). Successive observations showed a decrease of aphid population. A rapid halt in their development took place in the third 10-days’ period of July, which could have resulted from the weather – high temperature and heavy stormy rainfalls. M. rosarum aphids occurred with varying intensity in successive observations. In the first half of September the studies found out a considerable increase of their population, up to 171.3 specimens/shrub in the second 10-days’ period of September. The presence of singular specimens was still observed in the second 10-days’ period of October.

Photo 7. Aphids Myzaphis rosarum (Kalt.) i Chaeosiphon tetrarhodus Walk. on Rosa sp.

Fig. 4. Population dynamics of Myzaphis rosarum (Kalt.) on Rosa canina L. in the years 2002 and 2004 in particular sites

In site B the rose shrubs were colonized by M. rosarum aphids for a short time and in small numbers. Their presence was observed only during one session, in the third 10-days’ period of May (1.0 specimen/shrub).
The total mean number of specimens in site A1 in 2003 was 1073.5 aphids per shrubs, and in site B 10.0 aphid/shrub.
No presence of aphids was found on any of the observed shrubs in 2003, either in site A1 or B.

In 2004 the presence of M. rosarum aphids was found only in site A1 during one observation, in the second 10-days’ period of September. Their number was 4.3 specimens/shrub.

M. rosarum mainly colonized the leaves and the shoots. They often accompanied the colonies of M. Rosae.

Maculolachnus submacula (Walk.) (Photos 8-11)
In 2002 the first chocolate-colour aphids of this species were observed in site A1 in the first 10-days’ period of May (Fig. 5). In successive observations their population slowly increased, reaching the peak in the third 10-days’ period of July (39.6 specimens/shrub). From then on their numbers decreased systematically, and the disappearance of aphids took place in the first 10 days of October. In site B two specimens of M. submacula were found only in the third 10-days’ period of May. The total mean number of specimens in site A1 was 162.4 specimens/shrub, while in site B 0.6 specimen/shrub.

Photo 8. Aphids Maculolachnus submacula Walk. on a shoot of Rosa canina L.

Photo 9. Aphids Maculolachnus submacula Walk. on the root neck of Rosa canina L.

Photo 10. Eggs of Maculolachnus submacula Walk. on a shoot of Rosa canina L.

Photo 11. Larvae of Syrphidae in the neighbourhood of eggs and adult individuals Maculolachnus submacula Walk. on Rosa canina L.

Fig. 5. Population dynamics of Maculolachnus submacula Walk. on Rosa canina L. in the years 2002 and 2004 in particular sites

In 2003 no presence of M. submacula was found in any of the examined sites.
In 2004 aphids of this species were observed only in site B during two observations in the first and second 10-days’ periods of June. Higher numbers were observed at the beginning of that month and they were 58.3 specimens/shrub. Totally, 58.6 aphids per shrub were observed in that site, on average.
M. submacula aphids preyed on woody shoots of roses and at he root neck, creating scarce colonies, which were visited by ants.

Aphis fabae Scop. (Photos 12, 13)
Aphids A. fabae were observed on R. canina only in 2004 exclusively in site B (Fig. 6). Their presence on the examined shrubs was found in the course of two observations, in the second and third 10-days’ periods of June. The biggest population of aphids of this species was observed at the end of June, and it included 71.6 specimens/shrub. Totally, 91.9 aphids per shrub were found in site B, on average.

Photo 12. A colony of Aphis fabae Scop. on the petals of Rosa canina L.

Photo 13. A colony of Aphis fabae Scop. on the petals of Rosa canina L

Fig. 6. Population dynamics of Aphis fabae Scop. on Rosa canina L. in the year 2004 in site B

A. fabae colonized rose flowers, causing their discoloration and earlier falling down of the crown petals.

Aphids colonizing the shrubs of Rosa rugosa Thunb.

Macrosiphum rosae L.
In 2002 the first singular specimens of M. rosae appeared in both sites in the middle of April (Fig. 7). During the subsequent observations a rapid increase of their numbers took place. Two breeds of the same species were noticed in the colonies: a pink and a green ones. The maximum population in site A2 was found in the second 10-days’ period of June – 103.0 specimens/shrub. During the successive observations a sudden decrease of the aphid population occurred, which could have been caused by high temperature and heavy rainfalls. Later observations found out a systematic drop of the number of those insects, which could have partly left the rose shrubs. The disappearance of the colonies took place in the first 10 days of November. In site A2 aphids M. rosae remained on the rose shrubs throughout the vegetation period. This shows that their flights onto the secondary host are of facultative character.

Fig. 7. Population dynamics of Macrosiphum rosae L. on Rosa rugosa Thunb. in the years 2002-2004 in particular sites

In site B the greatest population of aphids was observed in the first 10 days of May – 105.0 specimens/shrub. From the second 10-days’ periods of June the studies did not find any occurrence of those aphids with an exception of 4 specimens at the end of August and September.
In 2002 the total mean number of aphids in site A2 was 413.5 aphids per shrub, and in site B – 182.9 aphids per shrub.

In 2003 the occurrence of singular aphids M. rosae in site A2 was observed in the second 10-days’ periods of May. During subsequent observations aphids occurred with variable intensity. The peak population was found in the first 10 days of July – 29.0 specimens/shrub, and from the second 10-days’ periods of that month only singular aphids were observed on the shrubs. This could have been caused by high temperature and dry periods at that time.

In site B no presence of M. rosae aphids was observed throughout the vegetation season. Totally, 55.6 aphids per shrub, on average, were found in site A2 in 2003.

In 2004 aphids M. rosae occurred in both sites very irregularly. In site A2 they appeared in the second 10-days’ periods of May and then they reached the maximum – 22.0 specimens/shrub. Singular aphids appeared on the examined shrubs again in the first and second 10-days’ periods of July.

In site B aphids M. rosae were observed between the first and the second 10-days’ periods of June, and the maxim was observed in the first 10 days of June – 72.3 specimens/shrub.
The total mean number of aphids in 2004 in site A2 was 25.6 aphids per shrub, and in site B – 155.2 aphids per shrub.

Chaetosiphon tetrarhodus Walk.
In 2002 the first yellow and green aphids Ch. tetrarhodus were observed in site A2 in the third 10-days’ period of April (Fig. 8). They reached the maximum population already during the next observation, in the first 10 days of May – 287.9 specimens/shrub. Subsequent observations showed a decrease of the aphid population on all the examined shrubs. Between the first and the second 10-days’ periods of July the studies did not find the presence of those insects because high temperature, exceeding 30°C as well as heavy showers could have interrupted their development, and even completely destroy the colonies. During the next observations only singular specimens were found. In October a slight increase of the population took place and the female laying the wintering eggs were observed. A complete disappearance of aphids took place in the first 10 days of November.

Fig. 8. Population dynamics of Chaetosiphon tetrarhodus Walk. on Rosa rugosa Thunb. in the years 2002-2004 in particular sites

In site B the first aphids appeared 10 days later as compared to site A2. At the same time that was the peak of their population – 257.2 specimens/shrub. Further observations pointed to a considerable decrease of the population of this species. Singular specimens were found between the end of September and the second 10-days’ period of October.

Totally, 696.1 aphids per shrub, on average, were found in site A2, and 860.0 aphids per shrub in site B.

In 2003 the first aphids appeared in site A2 in the second 10-days’ period of May. Further observations showed a gradual increase of the population of Ch. tetrarhodus on all the examined shrubs. The maximum population was reached in the second 10-days’ period of July – 362.0 specimens/shrub. Further observations found out a gradual decrease of the aphid population, and their complete disappearance was observed in the third 10-days’ period of October.

In site B the first specimens of Ch. tetrarhodus also appeared in the second 10-days’ period of May. The maximum population was found out in the second 10-days’ period of July – 51.7 specimens/shrub. Between the end of July and the first 10 days of November aphids occurred with variable intensity. Probably, such a situation was caused by unfavourable atmospheric conditions: first, dry period in the summer time, and later ground frost to -5°C in the first 10 days of October.
Totally, 966.3 aphids, on average, were observed in site A2 in 2003, and in site B – 172.3 aphids per shrub.

In 2004 the first individuals of Ch. tetrarhodus were observed in site A2 in the third 10-days’ period of June and, at the same time, that was their maximum population – 423.6 specimens/shrub. In successive observations the aphid population decreased systematically until they disappeared in the first 10 days of August. Throughout August and September the shrubs of R. rugosa were free from aphids of this species, and their appearance was observed again in the second 10-days’ period of October. Their complete disappearance took place in the second 10-days’ period of November.

In site B aphids of this species appeared a month earlier than in site A2: in the third 10-days’ period of May. In subsequent observations the population grew, reaching the maximum in the second 10-days’ period of June – 213.6 specimens/shrub. The disappearance of aphids was found out in the first 10 days of August, and again they appeared in scarce numbers in the second and third 10-days’ periods of October. A complete disappearance of aphids took place at the beginning of November.
Totally, the mean number of aphids in 2004 was 881.4 aphids per shrub in site A2 and 511.3 aphids per shrub in site B.

Metopolophium dirhodum Walk.
The first scarce bright-coloured green specimens of M.dirhodum in both sites in 2002 appeared in the second 10-days’ period of April (Fig. 9). The next observation both in site A2 and B observed their maximum, respectively, 337.0 specimens/shrub and 337.3 specimens/shrub. Between the third 10-days’ period of May and the third of September no aphids were found in site A2; probably their migration to the grasses, which are the secondary host to this species, took place. Singular specimens appeared again at the beginning of October and they remained there almost till the end of that month.

Fig. 9. Population dynamics of Metopolophium dirhodum Walk. on Rosa rugosa Thunb. in the years 2002-2004 in particular sites

In site B a rapid decrease of the aphid population was observed beginning with the first 10 days of May. The cause could have been high temperature and dry periods occurring in that period. No presence of aphids was observed between the first 10 days of June and the end of the observations.
Totally, in 2002 the studies found out 612.7 aphids per shrub, on average, in site A2 and 387.8 aphids per shrub in site B.

In 2003 aphids M. dirhodum did not appear in both sites until in autumn, in the third 10-days’ period of September. During the next two observations an increase of their population took place in site A2, and the maximum was found out in the second 10-days’ period of October – 67.0 specimens/shrub. During the following observations a rapid decrease of the population took place until they completely disappeared in the third 10-days’ period of November.

In site B the maximum population of this species was found out in the first 10 days of October – 19.7 specimens/shrub. Further observations showed a decrease of the population of this species, and no aphids M. dirhodum were observed from the end of November. Totally, 174.7 aphids per shrub were found in site A2 in 2003, and 58.9 aphids per shrub – in site B.

In 2004 aphids M. dirhodum occurred sporadically in both sites. In site A2 their presence was found in the second 10-days’ period of May and the second of October, with the spring population being more numerous – 10.6 specimens/shrub. In site B aphids of that species were found in the second 10-days’ period of April and the second of October. A more numerous population was observed in autumn – 5.6 specimens/shrub. The total mean number of aphids in site A2 was 18.9 aphids per shrub, and in site B – 6.6. aphids per shrub.

DISCUSSION

Three years’ observations on the species composition and the population dynamics of aphids colonizing the shrubs of Rosa canina and Rosa rugosa showed the occurrence of six aphid species. The presence of the following was found out on the shrubs of R. canina: Macrosiphum rosae, Chaetosiphon tetrahordus, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzaphis rosarum, Maculolachnus submacula and Aphis fabae, while on the shrubs of R. rugosa the following were observed: Macrosiphum rosae, Chaetosiphon tetrarhodus and Metopolophium dirhodum. Earlier studies by Ja¶kiewicz [9] showed that eight aphid species occurred on the shrubs of R. canina. Besides the six species found in the present studies, those were Longicaudus trirhodus (Walk.) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thom.). On the other hand, Cichocka and Ja¶kiewicz [4] report that Rhodobium porosum (Sand.) also occurs on roses, and Szelęgiewicz [13] also reported Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.)

The dominating species on the shrubs of R. canina was M. rosae, which occurred in each year of studies in both of the sites. These results are consistent with earlier studies presented by Ja¶kiewicz [9, 10]. On the other hand, on R.rugosa the most numerous was Ch. tetrarhodus. Similar results were obtained by Ja¶kiewicz [10]. However, earlier studies conducted in the years 1973-1989 by Ja¶kiewicz [6,7] pointed to the domination of M. rosae on that rose.

A comparison between the street and the park sites shows that usually more aphids preyed on the shrubs growing in the sites of heavy traffic. This is caused by the fact that arthropods with a stinging-sucking mouth apparatus are more numerous on plants in the environment with a high degree of anthropopressure [3,8,11].

A significant influence on the population dynamics of aphids was exerted by weather conditions. Temperature above 30°C and heavy stormy rainfalls considerably decreased the population of these insects, frequently causing the disappearance of their colonies [2,5,8,9].

CONCLUSIONS

  1. In the urban conditions of Lublin the studies found out the occurrence of six aphid species on the shrubs of Risa canina, and three species of the shrubs of Rosa rugosa Thunb.

  2. The dominating species on the shrubs of Rosa canina was Macrsiphum rosae L., while on R. rugosa it was Chaetosiphom tetrarhodus Walk.

  3. The shrubs growing in the street sites were more frequently colonized by aphids than in the park site.

  4. On the shrubs of R. canina and R .rugosa aphids colonized most plant parts: the top parts of the shoots (M. rosae and M. rosarum), the lower part of the leaf blade (Ch. tetrarhodus), flower buds (M. rosae and Ch. tetrarhodus) and flowers (A. fabae) as well as the woody shoots and the root neck (M. submacula). Their preying visibly lowered the ornamental values of the examined plants.


REFERENCES

  1. Blackman R.L., Eastop V.F., 2000. Aphids on the World’s Crops. An Identification and Information Guide. The Natural History Museum, London, 466.

  2. Cichocka E., 1980. Mszyce ro¶lin sadowniczych Polski [Aphid of orchard plants in Poland]. PWN, Warszawa, 119 [in Polish].

  3. Cichocka E., Goszczyński W., 1991. Mszyce zasiedlaj±ce drzewa przyuliczne w Warszawie. [w:] Mszyce, ich bionomia, szkodliwo¶ć i wrogowie naturalni [Aphids colonizing the street trees in Warsaw. [in:] Aphids, their bionomy, harmfulness and natural enemies]. PAN, Warszawa, 9-18 [in Polish].

  4. Cichocka E., Ja¶kiewicz B., 2003. Aphids inhabiting roses in different cultures in 1967-2003. Aphids and Other Hemipterous Insects, Monograph, PAG, Rogów, 9, 17-36.

  5. Gottschalk H.J., 1989. Zur Verbreitung von Maculolachnus submacula (Walker, 1848) in den Nordbezirken der DDR und die Beschreibung der Sexuales (Homoptera: Aphidinea: Lachnidae). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte, 33(4), 161-163.

  6. Ja¶kiewicz B., 1988. Dynamika występowania mszyc na Rosa rugosa Thunb. w Lublinie [Dynamics of the occurrence of aphids on Rosa rugosa Thunb. in Lublin]. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, ser. E, 18, 2, 255-266 [in Polish].

  7. Ja¶kiewicz B., 1995. Zespół gatunków mszyc żeruj±cych na krzewach Rosa rugosa Thunb. w parku akademickim w Lublinie [The community of aphid species preying on the shrubs of Rosa rugosa Thunb. in the University park in Lublin]. Annales UMCS, sec. EEE, vol. III, 19, 159-171 [in Polish].

  8. Ja¶kiewicz B., 2000. Aphids colonising the shrubs of Juniperus communis L. and Rosa canina L. in urban condition. EJPAU 3(2), #02, http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume3/issue2/horticulture/art-02.html.

  9. Ja¶kiewicz B., 2004. The population dynamics of aphids colonizing the shrubs of Rosa canina L. in urban conditions of Lublin. EJPAU 7(2), #05, http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume7/issue2/horticulture/art-05.html.

  10. Ja¶kiewicz B., 2006. The effect of the feeding of Macrosiphum rosae (L.) and Chaetosiphon tetrarhodus (Walk.) on the flowering of roses. Acta Agrobotanica, vol. 59, z. 1, 515-520.

  11. Ja¶kiewicz B., Gantner M., 2000. Occurrence of Maculolachnus submacula Walk. on bushes of Rosa canina L. Folia Horticulturae Ann. 12/2, 111-119.

  12. Müller F. P., 1976. Mszyce – szkodniki ro¶lin. Terenowy klucz do oznaczania [Aphids – pests on plants. A field key for designation]. PWN, Warszawa, 119 [in Polish].

  13. Szelęgiewicz H., 1968. Mszyce – Aphidoidea. Katalog fauny Polski [Aphids – Aphidoidea. A catalogue of the fauna of Poland]. PWN, Warszawa, XXI, 4, 316 [in Polish].

 

Accepted for print: 1.04.2008


Bożenna Ja¶kiewicz
Department of Entomology,
University of Agriculture in Lublin, Poland
7 Leszczynskiego, 20-069 Lublin, Poland
Phone: (+48) 81 532 30 47 ext 135
email: bozenna.jaskiewicz@ar.lublin.pl

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