EJPAU 2008. Chmiel K. , Gajewska A. , Sobczuk D. AN ESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUE OF PUREBRED ARABIAN STALLIONS WITH REGARD TO CONFORMATION TRAITS JUDGED IN SHOWS IN THE YEARS 1985-2006

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities (EJPAU) founded by all Polish Agriculture Universities presents original papers and review articles relevant to all aspects of agricultural sciences. It is target for persons working both in science and industry,regulatory agencies or teaching in agricultural sector. Covered by IFIS Publishing (Food Science and Technology Abstracts), ELSEVIER Science - Food Science and Technology Program, CAS USA (Chemical Abstracts), CABI Publishing UK and ALPSP (Association of Learned and Professional Society Publisher - full membership). Presented in the Master List of Thomson ISI.

2008
Volume 11
Issue 1

Topic:

Animal Husbandry

ELECTRONIC
JOURNAL OF
POLISH
AGRICULTURAL
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Chmiel K. , Gajewska A. , Sobczuk D. 2008. AN ESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUE OF PUREBRED ARABIAN STALLIONS WITH REGARD TO CONFORMATION TRAITS JUDGED IN SHOWS IN THE YEARS 1985-2006, EJPAU 11(1), #17.
Available Online: http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume11/issue1/art-17.html

AN ESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUE OF PUREBRED ARABIAN STALLIONS WITH REGARD TO CONFORMATION TRAITS JUDGED IN SHOWS IN THE YEARS 1985-2006

Krystyna Chmiel¹, Anna Gajewska¹, Dorota Sobczuk²
¹ Department of Animal Breeding and Use, Institute of Agricultural Science of Zamosc, Agricultural Academy of Lublin, Poland
² Department of Animal Breeding and Use, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland

ABSTRACT

The present study is based on a research conducted on 47 purebred Arabian stallions used in Polish breeding, which have been sires to 2416 heads of progeny participating in Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in the years 1985-2006, as well as in Falborek Arabian Horse Show organized in 2004 and 2005. The following indices were computed for the stallions under consideration: Relative Genetic Value (RGV), Index of a Stallion (I) and Breeding Value (WH). The following stallions were indicated as significant improvers of the Arabian horse population: Monogramm 1985 and Laheeb 1996, whereas the stallion Europejczyk 1982 proved a significant degrader, deteriorating the breeding progress.

Key words: Arabian horses, breeding value, conformation traits, stallions.

INTRODUCTION

Poland has been considered a world leader in breeding of Arabian horses for two centuries, notably because of the well-documented 200-year-old pedigrees of our horses, as well as their extremely high level of conformation and use traits: Pruski [8]. The high prices achieved at Janów Auction Sales fully confirm this statement. Polish horses have been winning international beauty shows for a long time, and for more than twenty years they have competed in Polish National Arabian Horse Shows at Janów Podlaski. Polish shows follow the rules of National Championships of other countries, as for example those organized by the International Arabian Horse Show Association (IAHA), existing in the US since 1950.

In Polish National and Youth Shows the following traits are evaluated: type, head and neck, body and topline, legs and movement (according to the Catalogues of the Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in the years 1985-2006) [5]. The Polish shows are organized in compliance with EAHSC (European Arabian Horse Show Commission) rules and their results are accepted in all countries running stud books approved by WAHO (World Arabian Horse Organization). In the breeding period under consideration, we noticed a distinct advantage of certain sires with regard to the point score for one specified trait or for all traits Budzyński and Chmiel [1] Kownacki [6], Maciejowski and Zięba [7]. Consequently, we decided to trace factors determining heritability of conformation traits highly valued in shows, with a view of comparing those factors.

Our first study embraced sires of youth taking part in shows in the years 1985-1995. On that basis, we computed indices of breeding value (RGV, I, WH) for those stallions. The aim of the present study is to continue the first analysis, that is to attempt an estimation of quality of progeny sired by stallions used in Poland between 1985 and 2006, comparing them with their peers, and focusing on the desirable traits judged in shows, with the use of comparable measures: Chmiel et al. [2], Gajewska [3].

MATERIAL AND METHODS

47 stallions used in Polish purebred Arabian horse breeding were tested, sires to at least 5 heads of progeny competing in the Polish National or Youth Shows in the years 1985-2006, as well as in Falborek Arabian Championship in the years 2004-2005 (data obtained from Judging Cards of Polish National in the years 1985-2006, Youth Arabian Horse Shows in the years 1985-2006 also Falborek Arabian Horse Show, organized in 2004 and 2005; Catalogues of the Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in the years 1985-2006) [4].

The comparison was conducted using the modified Robertson and Rendel Contemporary Comparison method for stallions Kownacki [6], based on the comparison of efficiency of progeny by a given producer with the efficiency of their peers. The above mentioned method enabled us to calculate the following indices:

where:
RGV – Relative Genetic Value,
– average level of the trait for progeny,
– average level of the trait for peers,
– average value for the population,
h² – coefficient of heritability of the trait,
b – coefficient of regression,
w – the effective number of progeny.

where:
I – index for the stallion,
D_w – weighed mean deviation of the efficiency of progeny from the efficiency of peers.

where:
WH – breeding value.

The values of RGV and I were given in percentage points, whereas WH (an actual advantage of progeny over its peers), was given in units of the absolute value of a trait.

RESULTS

47 stallions were selected, sires to 2416 heads of progeny subject to evaluation, which fulfilled assumed requirements. Numbers of their foal crops, shown in a given period, varied from 9 (Aslan 1998 and Avangard 1990) to 201 (Eukaliptus 1974).

As far as the trait “type” was concerned (Table 1), 21 stallions (44.68%) were determined as improvers (i.e. showed RGV and I >100%, WH >0.00). The highest RGV was achieved by Monogramm, chestnut 1985 (Negatraz – Monogramma), with his level reaching 1175.54%, but only a slightly lower value of that index (919.05%) was obtained by the Polish-bred stallion Eukaliptus, grey, 1974 (Bandos – Eunice). In terms of that trait, he outclassed the recently popular stallion Gazal Al Shaqab, bay, 1995 (Anaza El Farid – Kajora), whose RGV reached 892.89%. The highest level of the Stallion Index for that trait (I = 106.32%), as well as WH (advantage of the progeny over its peers), reaching the value of 0.57, was achieved by the stallion Laheeb, grey, 1996 (Imperial Imdal – AK Latifa). Second in that ranking was Monogramm 1985, with his index lower only by a fraction of percentage point and an equal value of WH. Similar point scores to their peers were shown by the youth sired by Magnum Psyche chestnut 1995 (Padrons Psyche – A Fancy Miracle) and Werbum, grey 1995 (Wojsław – Werda), whereas the worst type was shown by the progeny of Europejczyk, bay 1982 (El Paso – Europa), whose indices were as follows: RGV = -86.74; I = 95.45: WH = -0.42 point.

Table 1. Breeding value indicators (RGV, I, WH) of purebred Arabian stallions for the trait “type”, estimated in the Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in 1985-2006

No.	Stallion	Number of progeny	Average score for progeny	Number of peers	Average score for peers	RGV	I	WH
1.	Alegro b. (Probat – Algeria) 1983	43	18.39	499	18.38	102.87	100.06	0.01
2.	Angor gr. (Alegro – Angola) 1992	11	17.73	310	18.11	87.21	98.83	-0.11
3.	Ararat gr. (Palas – Arra) 1985	60	18.16	1327	18.22	73.33	99.56	-0.04
4.	Arbil b. (Banat – Arba) 1981	42	18.41	849	18.21	154.39	101.30	0.12
5.	Ar-Rahman gr. (Aleppo – Arabella) 1990	16	17.27	583	18.15	44.30	96.50	-0.32
6.	Aslan b. (Eukaliptus – Algora) 1998	9	17.48	276	18.18	83.40	98.15	-0.17
7.	Avangard gr. (Vympel – Antenna) 1990	9	17.33	726	18.22	78.60	97.62	-0.22
8.	Balon gr. (Gwarny – Ballada) 1979	28	18.19	679	18.30	83.38	99.41	-0.05
9.	Banat b. (El Azrak – Bandola) 1967	28	18.31	282	18.63	53.16	98.35	-0.15
10.	Bandos gr. (Negatiw – Bandola) 1964	27	18.69	137	18.59	113.52	100.48	0.04
11.	Batyskaf gr. (Pamir – Bajeczka) 1990	36	17.56	387	18.16	-28.80	96.40	-0.33
12.	Borek br. (Fawor – Borowina) 1987	28	17.46	558	18.12	0.43	96.42	-0.32
13.	Ecaho gr. (Pepton – Etruria) 1990	73	18.42	1385	18.14	259.96	102.21	0.20
14.	Ekstern gr. (Monogramm – Ernestyna) 1994	134	18.47	688	18.12	511.92	103.10	0.28
15.	El Paso b. (Czort – Ellora) 1967	11	18.73	105	18.69	101.45	100.11	0.01
16.	Eldon gr. (Penitent – Erotyka) 1985	106	18.29	1532	18.23	154.43	100.52	0.05
17.	Emigrant gr. (Ararat – Emigrantka) 1991	126	18.11	1277	18.15	55.37	99.64	-0.03
18.	Empres b. (Monogramm – Empressa) 1995	11	17.88	333	18.17	90.23	99.11	-0.08
19.	Endel gr. (Palas – Elwira) 1981	19	17.68	150	18.09	67.53	98.28	-0.16
20.	Ernal gr. (Palas – Engracja) 1975	32	18.31	236	18.40	84.17	99.51	-0.05
21.	Etogram gr. (El Paso – Etruria) 1981	29	18.02	1105	18.18	74.22	99.11	-0.08
22.	Eukaliptus gr. (Bandos – Eunice) 1974	201	18.61	1546	18.18	919.05	104.10	0.37
23.	Europejczyk b. (El Paso – Europa) 1982	41	17.59	818	18.30	-86.74	95.45	-0.42
24.	Fawor br. (Probat – Fatma) 1981	80	18.26	1370	18.24	112.80	100.16	0.01
25.	Ganges b. (Monogramm – Garonna) 1994	61	18.13	633	18.19	73.13	99.56	-0.04
26.	Gazal Al. Shagab b. (Anaza El Farid – Kajora) 1995	134	18.72	257	18.01	892.89	106.00	0.54
27.	Grafik gr. (Eukaliptus – Gaskonia) 1996	17	18.06	466	18.21	89.55	99.39	-0.06
28.	Laheeb gr. (Imperial Imdal – AK Latifa) 1996	56	18.87	249	17.96	447.69	106.32	0.57
29.	Magnum Psyche ch. (Padrons Psyche – A Fancy Miracle) 1995	9	18.21	175	18.23	99.52	99.95	0.00
30.	Metropolis NA ch. (Consensus – NDL Martinique) 1996	25	18.28	458	18.20	110.07	100.41	0.04
31.	Monogramm ch. (Negatraz – Monogramma) 1985	177	18.61	543	17.94	1175.54	106.19	0.56
32.	Padrons Psyche ch. (Padron – Kilika) 1988	11	18.21	289	18.19	100.63	100.06	0.01
33.	Palas gr. (Aswan – Panel) 1968	129	18.57	639	18.45	235.04	101.03	0.10
34.	Pamir gr. (Probat – Parma) 1984	68	18.00	1299	18.15	21.61	98.84	-0.11
35.	Partner gr. (Eleuzis – Parma) 1970	49	18.37	794	18.41	86.70	99.73	-0.03
36.	Pepton gr. (Bandos – Pemba) 1977	37	18.04	910	18.32	36.17	98.28	-0.16
37.	Pers gr. (Enos – Pentoda) 1982	48	18.15	739	18.29	54.38	99.05	-0.09
38.	Pesal gr. (Partner – Perforacja) 1991	69	18.17	892	18.13	120.97	100.31	0.03
39.	Piaff gr. (Eldon – Pipi) 1997	21	18.41	254	18.14	125.55	101.23	0.11
40.	Piechur gr. (Banat – Pierzeja) 1979	21	18.67	68	18.34	127.95	101.32	0.12
41.	Pilot b. (Fawor – Pipi) 1987	19	18.25	304	18.16	107.30	100.39	0.04
42.	Probat b. (Pohaniec – Borexia) 1975	101	18.72	284	18.39	366.44	102.62	0.24
43.	Sanadik El Shaklan gr. (El Shaklan – Mohena) 1983	20	18.55	516	18.19	132.36	101.63	0.15
44.	Wachlarz br. (Arbil – Warsowia) 1990	49	17.93	1354	18.15	25.34	98.47	-0.14
45.	Werbum gr. (Wojsław – Werda) 1995	20	18.20	511	18.20	99.96	100.00	0.00
46.	Wermut b. (Probat – Warmia) 1982	26	18.05	757	18.32	63.39	98.59	-0.13
47.	Wojsław b. (Tallin – Wilejka) 1986	49	18.14	407	18.23	70.35	99.39	-0.06

Regarding the trait “head and neck” (Table 2), 19 stallions (40.42%) were classified as improvers. The highest Relative Genetic Value (RGV = 1335.65%) was achieved by the stallion Monogramm 1985 (Negatraz – Monogramma), who, at the same time, reached also the highest values of I (107.11%) and WH (0.63 points). The second place in that comparison was taken by the stallion Eukaliptus 1974. As degraders 27 stallions (57.45%) were qualified. Among them the poorest quality was shown by the progeny of Europejczyk 1982, whose RGV reached -70.48, I = 95.85, whereas WH = -0.38 point. One stallion, Eldon 1985, neither improved nor deteriorated the quality of progeny, as his indices were as follows: RGV = 99.98%, I = 100.0% and WH = 0.00 points.

Table 2. Breeding value indicators (RGV, I, WH) of purebred Arabian stallions for the trait “head and neck”, estimated in the Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in 1985-2006

No.	Stallion	Number of progeny	Average score for progeny	Number of peers	Average score for peers	RGV	I	WH
1.	Alegro b. (Probat – Algeria) 1983	43	18.05	499	18.16	69.20	99.29	-0.06
2.	Angor gr. (Alegro – Angola) 1992	11	17.48	310	17.88	86.36	98.76	-0.11
3.	Ararat gr. (Palas – Arra) 1985	60	17.99	1327	18.02	86.50	99.78	-0.02
4.	Arbil b. (Banat – Arba) 1981	42	18.12	849	18.00	133.05	100.79	0.07
5.	Ar-Rahman gr. (Aleppo – Arabella) 1990	16	17.13	583	17.92	49.35	96.82	-0.29
6.	Aslan b. (Eukaliptus – Algora) 1998	9	17.37	276	18.05	83.71	98.19	-0.16
7.	Avangard gr. (Vympel – Antenna) 1990	9	17.11	726	18.02	77.85	97.54	-0.22
8.	Balon gr. (Gwarny – Ballada) 1979	28	18.08	679	18.11	95.46	99.84	-0.01
9.	Banat b. (El Azrak – Bandola) 1967	28	17.89	282	18.33	34.63	97.69	-0.21
10.	Bandos gr. (Negatiw – Bandola) 1964	27	18.59	137	18.36	131.20	101.13	0.10
11.	Batyskaf gr. (Pamir – Bajeczka) 1990	36	17.40	387	17.99	-28.22	96.43	-0.32
12.	Borek br. (Fawor – Borowina) 1987	28	17.26	558	17.90	2.22	96.48	-0.31
13.	Ecaho gr. (Pepton – Etruria) 1990	73	18.26	1385	17.94	285.19	102.55	0.23
14.	Ekstern gr. (Monogramm – Ernestyna) 1994	134	18.30	688	17.92	552.98	103.40	0.31
15.	El Paso b. (Czort – Ellora) 1967	11	18.63	105	18.38	108.23	100.72	0.07
16.	Eldon gr. (Penitent – Erotyka) 1985	106	18.02	1532	18.02	99.98	100.00	0.00
17.	Emigrant gr. (Ararat – Emigrantka) 1991	126	17.88	1277	17.95	21.06	99.37	-0.06
18.	Empres b. (Monogramm – Empressa) 1995	11	17.64	333	17.95	89.43	99.04	-0.09
19.	Endel gr. (Palas – Elwira) 1981	19	17.40	150	17.81	67.09	98.25	-0.16
20.	Ernal gr. (Palas – Engracja) 1975	32	17.98	236	18.11	76.74	99.27	-0.07
21.	Etogram gr. (El Paso – Etruria) 1981	29	17.84	1105	17.96	80.41	99.32	-0.06
22.	Eukaliptus gr. (Bandos – Eunice) 1974	201	18.36	1546	17.94	910.18	104.05	0.36
23.	Europejczyk b. (El Paso – Europa) 1982	41	17.42	818	18.06	-70.48	95.85	-0.38
24.	Fawor br. (Probat – Fatma) 1981	80	18.03	1370	18.02	106.48	100.08	0.01
25.	Ganges b. (Monogramm – Garonna) 1994	61	17.89	633	17.97	63.75	99.40	-0.05
26.	Gazal Al. Shagab b. (Anaza El Farid – Kajora) 1995	134	18.54	257	17.83	903.05	106.07	0.54
27.	Grafik gr. (Eukaliptus – Gaskonia) 1996	17	17.88	466	18.05	88.06	99.30	-0.06
28.	Laheeb gr. (Imperial Imdal – AK Latifa) 1996	56	18.68	249	17.71	475.34	106.83	0.61
29.	Magnum Psyche ch. (Padrons Psyche – A Fancy Miracle) 1995	9	18.00	175	18.09	97.89	99.76	-0.02
30.	Metropolis NA ch. (Consensus – NDL Martinique) 1996	25	18.15	458	18.04	114.09	100.56	0.05
31.	Monogramm ch. (Negatraz – Monogramma) 1985	177	18.49	543	17.73	1335.65	107.11	0.63
32.	Padrons Psyche ch. (Padron – Kilika) 1988	11	18.18	289	18.01	105.74	100.52	0.05
33.	Palas gr. (Aswan – Panel) 1968	129	18.24	639	18.15	202.54	100.79	0.07
34.	Pamir gr. (Probat – Parma) 1984	68	17.70	1299	17.94	-26.93	98.12	-0.17
35.	Partner gr. (Eleuzis – Parma) 1970	49	18.10	794	18.12	93.28	99.86	-0.01
36.	Pepton gr. (Bandos – Pemba) 1977	37	17.86	910	18.08	49.21	98.63	-0.12
37.	Pers gr. (Enos – Pentoda) 1982	48	17.93	739	18.08	50.51	98.97	-0.09
38.	Pesal gr. (Partner – Perforacja) 1991	69	17.98	892	17.93	126.62	100.39	0.03
39.	Piaff gr. (Eldon – Pipi) 1997	21	18.25	254	18.01	123.06	101.10	0.10
40.	Piechur gr. (Banat – Pierzeja) 1979	21	18.49	68	18.01	141.09	101.96	0.18
41.	Pilot b. (Fawor – Pipi) 1987	19	17.89	304	17.91	98.26	99.91	-0.01
42.	Probat b. (Pohaniec – Borexia) 1975	101	18.38	284	18.08	345.23	102.42	0.22
43.	Sanadik El Shaklan gr. (El Shaklan – Mohena) 1983	20	18.28	516	18.00	125.50	101.28	0.12
44.	Wachlarz br. (Arbil – Warsowia) 1990	49	17.71	1354	17.95	17.55	98.31	-0.15
45.	Werbum gr. (Wojsław – Werda) 1995	20	18.05	511	17.97	107.25	100.37	0.03
46.	Wermut b. (Probat – Warmia) 1982	26	17.72	757	18.08	50.54	98.10	-0.17
47.	Wojsław b. (Tallin – Wilejka) 1986	49	17.96	407	18.02	79.99	99.59	-0.04

The desired level of the trait “body and topline” (Table 3) was passed on by 32 stallions (44.68%). It was expressed to the most satisfying degree in the progeny of Monogramm 1985, whose RGV reached 658,41%. Next place was taken by the stallion Gazal Al Shaqab 1995 (Anaza El Farid – Kajora), who achieved the highest value of I (103.78%) and WH (0.33). In terms of that trait 26 stallions (55.32%) were classified as degraders. The lowest RGV (-65.80) with regard to that trait was obtained for the stallion Palas 1968 (Aswan – Panel), whereas the lowest I (97.16%) and WH (-0.25 points) were achieved by the stallion Batyskaf 1990 (Pamir – Bajeczka).

Table 3. Breeding value indicators (RGV, I, WH) of purebred Arabian stallions for the trait “body”, estimated in the Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in 1985-2006

No.	Stallion	Number of progeny	Average score for progeny	Number of peers	Average score for peers	RGV	I	WH
1.	Alegro b. (Probat – Algeria) 1983	43	17.67	499	17.55	131.11	100.72	0.06
2.	Angor gr. (Alegro – Angola) 1992	11	17.03	310	17.37	90.10	99.10	-0.08
3.	Ararat gr. (Palas – Arra) 1985	60	17.39	1327	17.45	74.52	99.57	-0.04
4.	Arbil b. (Banat – Arba) 1981	42	17.67	849	17.41	166.06	101.59	0.14
5.	Ar-Rahman gr. (Aleppo – Arabella) 1990	16	17.06	583	17.45	78.20	98.63	-0.12
6.	Aslan b. (Eukaliptus – Algora) 1998	9	17.30	276	17.52	95.53	99.50	-0.04
7.	Avangard gr. (Vympel – Antenna) 1990	9	16.93	726	17.50	88.24	98.69	-0.11
8.	Balon gr. (Gwarny – Ballada) 1979	28	17.38	679	17.48	86.17	99.51	-0.04
9.	Banat b. (El Azrak – Bandola) 1967	28	17.83	282	17.98	80.17	99.30	-0.06
10.	Bandos gr. (Negatiw – Bandola) 1964	27	17.99	137	18.03	95.45	99.83	-0.02
11.	Batyskaf gr. (Pamir – Bajeczka) 1990	36	16.84	387	17.35	-1.12	97.16	-0.25
12.	Borek br. (Fawor – Borowina) 1987	28	16.99	558	17.27	61.41	98.61	-0.12
13.	Ecaho gr. (Pepton – Etruria) 1990	73	17.44	1385	17.43	105.43	100.08	0.01
14.	Ekstern gr. (Monogramm – Ernestyna) 1994	134	17.65	688	17.44	344.00	101.83	0.16
15.	El Paso b. (Czort – Ellora) 1967	11	18.33	105	18.10	106.50	100.56	0.05
16.	Eldon gr. (Penitent – Erotyka) 1985	106	17.42	1532	17.48	46.47	99.49	-0.04
17.	Emigrant gr. (Ararat – Emigrantka) 1991	126	17.50	1277	17.44	165.84	100.53	0.05
18.	Empres b. (Monogramm – Empressa) 1995	11	17.36	333	17.47	96.79	99.71	-0.03
19.	Endel gr. (Palas – Elwira) 1981	19	17.07	150	17.32	82.42	99.07	-0.08
20.	Ernal gr. (Palas – Engracja) 1975	32	17.52	236	17.79	56.43	98.65	-0.12
21.	Etogram gr. (El Paso – Etruria) 1981	29	17.23	1105	17.39	76.41	99.18	-0.07
22.	Eukaliptus gr. (Bandos – Eunice) 1974	201	17.69	1546	17.44	578.13	102.39	0.21
23.	Europejczyk b. (El Paso – Europa) 1982	41	17.11	818	17.44	18.94	98.01	-0.17
24.	Fawor br. (Probat – Fatma) 1981	80	17.55	1370	17.47	149.69	100.62	0.05
25.	Ganges b. (Monogramm – Garonna) 1994	61	17.47	633	17.51	82.96	99.72	-0.02
26.	Gazal Al. Shagab b. (Anaza El Farid – Kajora) 1995	134	17.82	257	17.36	601.63	103.78	0.33
27.	Grafik gr. (Eukaliptus – Gaskonia) 1996	17	17.47	466	17.52	96.92	99.82	-0.02
28.	Laheeb gr. (Imperial Imdal – AK Latia) 1996	56	17.90	249	17.41	276.44	103.17	0.28
29.	Magnum Psyche ch. (Padrons Psyche – A Fancy Miracle) 1995	9	17.79	175	17.51	105.60	100.62	0.05
30.	Metropolis NA ch. (Consensus – NDL Martinique) 1996	25	17.44	458	17.52	90.84	99.63	-0.03
31.	Monogramm ch. (Negatraz – Monogramma) 1985	177	17.53	543	17.18	658.41	103.22	0.28
32.	Padrons Psyche ch. (Padron – Kilika) 1988	11	17.33	289	17.52	94.50	99.50	-0.04
33.	Palas gr. (Aswan – Panel) 1968	129	17.65	639	17.80	-65.80	98.73	-0.11
34.	Pamir gr. (Probat – Parma) 1984	68	17.47	1299	17.36	155.02	100.82	0.07
35.	Partner gr. (Eleuzis – Parma) 1970	49	17.70	794	17.63	122.23	100.45	0.04
36.	Pepton gr. (Bandos – Pemba) 1977	37	17.56	910	17.50	112.68	100.34	0.03
37.	Pers gr. (Enos – Pentoda) 1982	48	17.40	739	17.41	96.85	99.94	-0.01
38.	Pesal gr. (Partner – Perforacja) 1991	69	17.26	892	17.42	18.76	98.82	-0.10
39.	Piaff gr. (Eldon – Pipi) 1997	21	17.81	254	17.49	127.14	101.30	0.11
40.	Piechur gr. (Banat – Pierzeja) 1979	21	17.89	68	17.60	121.71	101.03	0.09
41.	Pilot b. (Fawor – Pipi) 1987	19	17.74	304	17.54	114.56	100.77	0.07
42.	Probat b. (Pohaniec – Borexia) 1975	101	18.10	284	17.70	412.71	103.06	0.27
43.	Sanadik El Shaklan gr. (El Shaklan – Mohena) 1983	20	17.65	516	17.46	115.25	100.77	0.07
44.	Wachlarz br. (Arbil – Warsowia) 1990	49	17.44	1354	17.45	96.74	99.93	-0.01
45.	Werbum gr. (Wojsław – Werda) 1995	20	17.30	511	17.55	79.90	99.00	-0.09
46.	Wermut b. (Probat – Warmia) 1982	26	17.56	757	17.46	112.29	100.48	0.04
47.	Wojsław b. (Tallin – Wilejka) 1986	49	17.35	407	17.44	72.12	99.43	-0.05

Regarding the trait “legs” (Table 4), 24 stallions (51.06%) were defined as improvers. The highest indices of breeding value for that trait were revealed by the stallion Eukaliptus, grey, 1974 (Bandos Eunice), whose RGV was 702.19%, I = 98.27% and WH = 0.25 point. As far as RGV was concerned, that stallion achieved the highest advantage over other Polish leading sires in terms of the trait “legs”. As degraders 22 stallions were determined, among whom the poorest results were obtained by the stallion Europejczyk, bay, 1982, whose RGV amounted to 28.85%, I = 98.27% and WH = -0,14. The stallion Ekstern, grey, 1994 (Monogramm – Ernestyna), exerted no influence upon the level of that trait, because his indices resulted as follows: RGV = 99.57%, I = 100.00%, WH = 0.00.

Table 4. Breeding value indicators (RGV, I, WH) of purebred Arabian stallions for the trait “legs”, estimated in the Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in 1985-2006

No.	Stallion	Number of progeny	Average score for progeny	Number of peers	Average score for peers	RGV	I	WH
1.	Alegro b. (Probat – Algeria) 1983	43	16.66	499	16.63	108.87	100.20	0.02
2.	Angor gr. (Alegro – Angola) 1992	11	15.85	310	15.94	96.85	99.72	-0.02
3.	Ararat gr. (Palas – Arra) 1985	60	16.18	1327	16.23	76.43	99.61	-0.03
4.	Arbil b. (Banat – Arba) 1981	42	16.56	849	16.34	162.37	101.49	0.12
5.	Ar-Rahman gr. (Aleppo – Arabella) 1990	16	15.92	583	16.01	94.11	99.63	-0.03
6.	Aslan b. (Eukaliptus – Algora) 1998	9	15.89	276	16.03	96.62	99.63	-0.03
7.	Avangard gr. (Vympel – Antenna) 1990	9	15.96	726	16.05	97.76	99.76	-0.02
8.	Balon gr. (Gwarny – Ballada) 1979	28	16.68	679	16.41	141.93	101.49	0.12
9.	Banat b. (El Azrak – Bandola) 1967	28	17.31	282	17.29	103.60	100.10	0.01
10.	Bandos gr. (Negatiw – Bandola) 1964	27	17.54	137	17.37	123.63	100.80	0.07
11.	Batyskaf gr. (Pamir – Bajeczka) 1990	36	15.99	387	16.14	66.55	99.06	-0.08
12.	Borek br. (Fawor – Borowina) 1987	28	15.94	558	16.02	87.40	99.55	-0.04
13.	Ecaho gr. (Pepton – Etruria) 1990	73	16.09	1385	16.05	123.99	100.34	0.03
14.	Ekstern gr. (Monogramm – Ernestyna) 1994	134	16.00	688	16.00	99.57	100.00	0.00
15.	El Paso b. (Czort – Ellora) 1967	11	17.67	105	17.46	107.01	100.57	0.05
16.	Eldon gr. (Penitent – Erotyka) 1985	106	16.26	1532	16.21	148.61	100.47	0.04
17.	Emigrant gr. (Ararat – Emigrantka) 1991	126	16.00	1277	16.01	87.58	99.90	-0.01
18.	Empres b. (Monogramm – Empressa) 1995	11	16.03	333	15.97	101.85	100.19	0.01
19.	Endel gr. (Palas – Elwira) 1981	19	16.00	150	15.89	108.50	100.47	0.04
20.	Ernal gr. (Palas – Engracja) 1975	32	16.91	236	16.98	87.67	99.62	-0.03
21.	Etogram gr. (El Paso – Etruria) 1981	29	16.07	1105	16.14	88.28	99.60	-0.03
22.	Eukaliptus gr. (Bandos – Eunice) 1974	201	16.62	1546	16.33	702.19	103.01	0.25
23.	Europejczyk b. (El Paso – Europa) 1982	41	16.18	818	16.44	28.85	98.27	-0.14
24.	Fawor br. (Probat – Fatma) 1981	80	16.37	1370	16.25	181.96	101.03	0.08
25.	Ganges b. (Monogramm – Garonna) 1994	61	16.04	633	16.01	113.79	100.24	0.02
26.	Gazal Al. Shagab b. (Anaza El Farid – Kajora) 1995	134	16.28	257	16.03	398.82	102.28	0.18
27.	Grafik gr. (Eukaliptus – Gaskonia) 1996	17	15.96	466	16.06	92.86	99.58	-0.03
28.	Laheeb gr. (Imperial Imdal – AK Latifa) 1996	56	16.27	249	15.93	235.79	102.50	0.20
29.	Magnum Psyche ch. (Padrons Psyche – A Fancy Miracle) 1995	9	16.08	175	16.15	98.32	99.82	-0.01
30.	Metropolis NA ch. (Consensus – NDL Martinique) 1996	25	16.27	458	16.04	129.49	101.21	0.10
31.	Monogramm ch. (Negatraz – Monogramma) 1985	177	16.24	543	16.05	430.17	101.91	0.15
32.	Padrons Psyche ch. (Padron – Kilika) 1988	11	15.91	289	16.00	96.88	99.72	-0.02
33.	Palas gr. (Aswan – Panel) 1968	129	16.98	639	17.00	76.49	99.82	-0.02
34.	Pamir gr. (Probat – Parma) 1984	68	16.15	1299	16.14	105.30	100.08	0.01
35.	Partner gr. (Eleuzis – Parma) 1970	49	16.91	794	16.76	153.10	101.05	0.09
36.	Pepton gr. (Bandos – Pemba) 1977	37	16.67	910	16.57	123.81	100.63	0.05
37.	Pers gr. (Enos – Pentoda) 1982	48	16.54	739	16.42	140.99	100.85	0.07
38.	Pesal gr. (Partner – Perforacja) 1991	69	15.93	892	16.02	49.26	99.25	-0.06
39.	Piaff gr. (Eldon – Pipi) 1997	21	15.92	254	16.04	88.28	99.44	-0.04
40.	Piechur gr. (Banat – Pierzeja) 1979	21	16.60	68	16.71	90.81	99.56	-0.04
41.	Pilot b. (Fawor – Pipi) 1987	19	15.91	304	15.97	94.83	99.73	-0.02
42.	Probat b. (Pohaniec – Borexia) 1975	101	17.22	284	16.92	358.55	102.47	0.21
43.	Sanadik El Shaklan gr. (El Shaklan – Mohena) 1983	20	16.30	516	16.08	119.89	101.02	0.08
44.	Wachlarz br. (Arbil – Warsowia) 1990	49	15.95	1354	16.01	78.36	99.55	-0.04
45.	Werbum gr. (Wojsław – Werda) 1995	20	15.98	511	16.01	97.06	99.86	-0.01
46.	Wermut b. (Probat – Warmia) 1982	26	16.44	757	16.52	88.98	99.58	-0.03
47.	Wojsław b. (Tallin – Wilejka) 1986	49	16.31	407	16.21	134.26	100.71	0.06

Within the scope of the trait “movement” (Table 5), 22 stallions (46.81%) were determined as improvers. The highest level of the Relative Genetic Value was achieved by the stallion Monogramm 1985 (RGV = 984.52%), whereas the highest index and actual advantage of the progeny over its peers were revealed by the stallion Laheeb, grey, 1996 (I = 105.61 and WH = 0.50). Two stallions (4.26%) sired an offspring with identical indices as their peers. As degraders 23 stallions (48.93%) were defined. The lowest level of RGV (-60.29) was scored by the stallion Emigrant, grey, 1991 (Ararat – Emigrantka), whereas the lowest values of two remaining indices (I = 96.67% and WH = -0.30), belonged to the stallion Batyskaf, grey, 1990.

Table 5. Breeding value indicators (RGV, I, WH) of purebred Arabian stallions for the trait “movement”, estimated in the Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in 1985-2006

No.	Stallion	Number of progeny	Average score for progeny	Number of peers	Average score for peers	RGV	I	WH
1.	Alegro b. (Probat – Algeria) 1983	43	18.04	499	18.12	79.90	99.53	-0.04
2.	Angor gr. (Alegro – Angola) 1992	11	17.79	310	17.88	97.42	99.77	-0.02
3.	Ararat gr. (Palas – Arra) 1985	60	17.94	1327	18.01	71.16	99.52	-0.04
4.	Arbil b. (Banat – Arba) 1981	42	18.30	849	18.00	174.18	101.77	0.16
5.	Ar-Rahman gr. (Aleppo – Arabella) 1990	16	17.21	583	17.95	59.82	97.48	-0.23
6.	Aslan b. (Eukaliptus – Algora) 1998	9	17.56	276	18.09	89.55	98.84	-0.10
7.	Avangard gr. (Vympel – Antenna) 1990	9	17.30	726	18.03	85.36	98.37	-0.15
8.	Balon gr. (Gwarny – Ballada) 1979	28	17.70	679	18.17	37.02	97.77	-0.20
9.	Banat b. (El Azrak – Bandola) 1967	28	17.77	282	18.21	42.87	97.98	-0.18
10.	Bandos gr. (Negatiw – Bandola) 1964	27	18.00	137	18.29	66.30	98.77	-0.11
11.	Batyskaf gr. (Pamir – Bajeczka) 1990	36	17.36	387	17.98	-19.42	96.67	-0.30
12.	Borek br. (Fawor – Borowina) 1987	28	17.36	558	17.95	21.19	97.17	-0.25
13.	Ecaho gr. (Pepton – Etruria) 1990	73	17.89	1385	17.98	51.69	99.34	-0.06
14.	Ekstern gr. (Monogramm – Ernestyna) 1994	134	18.29	688	17.98	450.28	102.62	0.24
15.	El Paso b. (Czort – Ellora) 1967	11	18.83	105	18.37	112.42	101.10	0.10
16.	Eldon gr. (Penitent – Erotyka) 1985	106	18.07	1532	18.04	126.01	100.25	0.02
17.	Emigrant gr. (Ararat – Emigrantka) 1991	126	17.83	1277	17.98	-60.29	98.72	-0.11
18.	Empres b. (Monogramm – Empressa) 1995	11	17.64	333	17.94	91.50	99.23	-0.07
19.	Endel gr. (Palas – Elwira) 1981	19	17.61	150	17.94	77.51	98.81	-0.11
20.	Ernal gr. (Palas – Engracja) 1975	32	18.22	236	18.06	125.20	100.79	0.07
21.	Etogram gr. (El Paso – Etruria) 1981	29	17.82	1105	17.99	75.69	99.16	-0.08
22.	Eukaliptus gr. (Bandos – Eunice) 1974	201	18.16	1546	17.96	471.90	101.86	0.17
23.	Europejczyk b. (El Paso – Europa) 1982	41	17.53	818	18.05	-24.08	96.98	-0.27
24.	Fawor br. (Probat – Fatma) 1981	80	18.20	1370	18.05	190.70	101.13	0.10
25.	Ganges b. (Monogramm – Garonna) 1994	61	18.08	633	17.95	153.72	100.89	0.08
26.	Gazal Al. Shagab b. (Anaza El Farid – Kajora) 1995	134	18.53	257	17.89	778.65	105.11	0.46
27.	Grafik gr. (Eukaliptus – Gaskonia) 1996	17	17.69	466	18.07	77.31	98.67	-0.12
28.	Laheeb gr. (Imperial Imdal – AK Latifa) 1996	56	18.57	249	17.69	407.99	105.61	0.50
29.	Magnum Psyche ch. (Padrons Psyche – A Fancy Miracle) 1995	9	18.21	175	18.18	100.62	100.06	0.01
30.	Metropolis NA ch. (Consensus – NDL Martinique) 1996	25	18.28	458	18.05	125.61	101.02	0.09
31.	Monogramm ch. (Negatraz – Monogramma) 1985	177	18.36	543	17.79	984.52	105.07	0.45
32.	Padrons Psyche ch. (Padron – Kilika) 1988	11	17.97	289	17.99	99.43	99.95	0.00
33.	Palas gr. (Aswan – Panel) 1968	129	18.20	639	18.10	207.70	100.83	0.08
34.	Pamir gr. (Probat – Parma) 1984	68	17.91	1299	17.94	85.30	99.78	-0.02
35.	Partner gr. (Eleuzis – Parma) 1970	49	18.16	794	18.11	115.44	100.31	0.03
36.	Pepton gr. (Bandos – Pemba) 1977	37	17.53	910	18.09	-15.19	96.90	-0.28
37.	Pers gr. (Enos – Pentoda) 1982	48	18.50	739	18.05	234.27	102.79	0.25
38.	Pesal gr. (Partner – Perforacja) 1991	69	17.85	892	17.97	40.78	99.14	-0.08
39.	Piaff gr. (Eldon – Pipi) 1997	21	18.30	254	18.05	120.64	100.98	0.09
40.	Piechur gr. (Banat – Pierzeja) 1979	21	18.37	68	18.01	126.17	101.25	0.11
41.	Pilot b. (Fawor – Pipi) 1987	19	18.05	304	17.97	105.64	100.30	0.03
42.	Probat b. (Pohaniec – Borexia) 1975	101	18.21	284	18.06	213.99	101.13	0.10
43.	Sanadik El Shaklan gr. (El Shaklan – Mohena) 1983	20	18.18	516	18.04	110.95	100.55	0.05
44.	Wachlarz br. (Arbil – Warsowia) 1990	49	17.72	1354	17.97	22.21	98.41	-0.14
45.	Werbum gr. (Wojsław – Werda) 1995	20	18.03	511	18.00	102.33	100.12	0.01
46.	Wermut b. (Probat – Warmia) 1982	26	17.87	757	18.08	74.86	99.03	-0.09
47.	Wojsław b. (Tallin – Wilejka) 1986	49	17.97	407	18.04	78.97	99.57	-0.04

In the general ranking of Polish leading sires with regard to all judged traits (Table 6), 21 stallions (44.68%) were determined as significant improvers. The highest Relative Genetic Value (929.53%) was achieved by the stallion Monogramm 1985, whereas the highest Index of a Stallion (I = 105.02%) and Breeding Value (WH = 2.17 points) belonged to the stallion Laheeb, grey, 1996. 26 stallions (55.32%) from the tested group deteriorated total point scores of their progeny. Among them, the decidedly poorest indices were scored by the stallion Europejczyk 1982 (RGV = -29.17; I = 96.85; WH = -1.39).

Table 6. Breeding value indicators (RGV, I, WH) of purebred Arabian stallions for the total score in the Polish National and Youth Arabian Horse Shows in 1985-2006

No.	Stallion	Number of progeny	Average score for progeny	Number of peers	Average score for peers	RGV	I	WH
1.	Alegro b. (Probat – Algeria) 1983	43	88.80	499	88.83	98.43	99.96	-0.02
2.	Angor gr. (Alegro – Angola) 1992	11	85.88	310	87.18	91.39	99.22	-0.34
3.	Ararat gr. (Palas – Arra) 1985	60	87.66	1327	87.92	76.65	99.61	-0.17
4.	Arbil b. (Banat – Arba) 1981	42	89.06	849	87.96	160.00	101.43	0.63
5.	Ar-Rahman gr. (Aleppo – Arabella) 1990	16	84.58	583	87.48	63.80	97.72	-1.00
6.	Aslan b. (Eukaliptus – Algora) 1998	9	85.59	276	87.88	89.40	98.82	-0.52
7.	Avangard gr. (Vympel – Antenna) 1990	9	84.63	726	87.83	84.96	98.32	-0.74
8.	Balon gr. (Gwarny – Ballada) 1979	28	88.04	679	88.46	87.38	99.55	-0.20
9.	Banat b. (El Azrak – Bandola) 1967	28	88.12	282	90.43	32.70	97.64	-1.07
10.	Bandos gr. (Negatiw – Bandola) 1964	27	91.14	137	90.74	110.87	100.38	0.17
11.	Batyskaf gr. (Pamir – Bajeczka) 1990	36	85.15	387	87.62	-5.96	97.04	-1.30
12.	Borek br. (Fawor – Borowina) 1987	28	85.00	558	87.26	32.10	97.55	-1.07
13.	Ecaho gr. (Pepton – Etruria) 1990	73	88.09	1385	87.53	164.68	100.90	0.39
14.	Ekstern gr. (Monogramm – Ernestyna) 1994	134	88.70	688	87.45	399.83	102.26	0.99
15.	El Paso b. (Czort – Ellora) 1967	11	92.19	105	91.00	107.64	100.66	0.30
16.	Eldon gr. (Penitent – Erotyka) 1985	106	88.06	1532	87.97	116.57	100.16	0.07
17.	Emigrant gr. (Ararat – Emigrantka) 1991	126	87.32	1277	87.53	52.22	99.62	-0.17
18.	Empres b. (Monogramm – Empressa) 1995	11	86.55	333	87.50	93.70	99.43	-0.25
19.	Endel gr. (Palas – Elwira) 1981	19	85.77	150	87.04	80.09	98.94	-0.46
20.	Ernal gr. (Palas – Engracja) 1975	32	88.94	236	89.33	86.40	99.58	-0.19
21.	Etogram gr. (El Paso – Etruria) 1981	29	86.98	1105	87.64	78.79	99.27	-0.32
22.	Eukaliptus gr. (Bandos – Eunice) 1974	201	89.44	1546	87.86	716.52	103.08	1.35
23.	Europejczyk b. (El Paso – Europa) 1982	41	85.83	818	88.28	-29.17	96.85	-1.39
24.	Fawor br. (Probat – Fatma) 1981	80	88.42	1370	88.03	150.69	100.64	0.28
25.	Ganges b. (Monogramm – Garonna) 1994	61	87.61	633	87.62	98.98	99.99	-0.01
26.	Gazal Al. Shagab b. (Anaza El Farid – Kajora) 1995	134	89.88	257	87.13	723.99	104.72	2.06
27.	Grafik gr. (Eukaliptus – Gaskonia) 1996	17	87.06	466	87.91	88.33	99.31	-0.30
28.	Laheeb gr. (Imperial Imdal – AK Latifa) 1996	56	90.29	249	86.70	375.69	105.02	2.17
29.	Magnum Psyche ch. (Padrons Psyche – A Fancy Miracle) 1995	9	88.29	175	88.16	100.59	100.07	0.03
30.	Metropolis NA ch. (Consensus – NDL Martinique) 1996	25	88.41	458	87.85	114.02	100.57	0.25
31.	Monogramm ch. (Negatraz – Monogramma) 1985	177	89.22	543	86.69	929.53	104.77	2.07
32.	Padrons Psyche ch. (Padron – Kilika) 1988	11	87.61	289	87.71	99.30	99.94	-0.03
33.	Palas gr. (Aswan – Panel) 1968	129	89.65	639	89.49	136.91	100.28	0.13
34.	Pamir gr. (Probat – Parma) 1984	68	87.23	1299	87.52	69.26	99.55	-0.20
35.	Partner gr. (Eleuzis – Parma) 1970	49	89.23	794	89.03	113.64	100.27	0.12
36.	Pepton gr. (Bandos – Pemba) 1977	37	87.65	910	88.55	58.97	98.89	-0.49
37.	Pers gr. (Enos – Pentoda) 1982	48	88.51	739	88.25	117.04	100.35	0.16
38.	Pesal gr. (Partner – Perforacja) 1991	69	87.18	892	87.47	68.88	99.55	-0.20
39.	Piaff gr. (Eldon – Pipi) 1997	21	88.70	254	87.73	118.16	100.87	0.38
40.	Piechur gr. (Banat – Pierzeja) 1979	21	90.02	68	88.68	122.38	101.06	0.47
41.	Pilot b. (Fawor – Pipi) 1987	19	87.84	304	87.54	104.77	100.26	0.11
42.	Probat b. (Pohaniec – Borexia) 1975	101	90.63	284	89.19	335.73	102.31	1.03
43.	Sanadik El Shaklan gr. (El Shaklan – Mohena) 1983	20	88.97	516	87.78	121.13	101.06	0.47
44.	Wachlarz br. (Arbil – Warsowia) 1990	49	86.75	1354	87.53	46.71	98.91	-0.48
45.	Werbum gr. (Wojsław – Werda) 1995	20	87.57	511	87.73	97.09	99.86	-0.06
46.	Wermut b. (Probat – Warmia) 1982	26	87.62	757	88.46	77.37	99.13	-0.38
47.	Wojsław b. (Tallin – Wilejka) 1986	49	87.71	407	87.93	85.41	99.70	-0.13

DISCUSSION

Among the tested producers – sires to crops of progeny taking part in shows – certain groups were distinguished as significant improvers of the population in terms of specified traits. At the same time, significant degraders were also pointed out, which deteriorated the breeding progress with regard to conformation traits. Additionally, sires who neither improved, nor deteriorated the quality of progeny in comparison to their peers were indicated. There was also a great dispersion of breeding value of specified stallions, especially expressed by the level of RGV, varying from 1335.65 (Monogramm 1985, for the trait “head and neck”) to -86.74 (Europejczyk 1982, for the trait “type”).

Within the scope of the trait “body and topline”, the highest level of the index RGV was also scored by the stallion Monogramm 1985, whereas in I and BV the stallion Gazal Al Shagab 1995.

The trait “legs” in the progeny was improved to the highest degree by the stallion Eukaliptus 1974, who achieved the highest values of RGV, I and WH.

The stallions Monogramm 1985 (RGV = 984.52%) and Laheeb 1996 (I = 105.61% and WH = 0.50) proved to be the best improvers of the trait “movement”. On the other hand, the Polish Derby-winner and Polish National Champion Stallion, Europejczyk 1982, proved as a significant degrader, deteriorating the breeding progress with regard to all judged traits, especially “type”, “legs” and total point scores.

In summary, we can state that among all stallions, whose breeding value in the light of conformation traits was evaluated, the best indices were achieved by the stallions Monogramm 1985, Laheeb 1996, and from the Polish-bred ones – Eukaliptus 1974, whereas the stallion Europejczyk 1982 caused a distinct decrease of the breeding progress. Additionally, specific predispositions of certain stallions for passing on specified traits were also observed.

CONCLUSIONS

That’s why no wonder, that the stallions with the highest individual prepotency for show features are so widely used. The advantage of progeny sired by certain producers is clearly visible and statistically proved.

REFERENCES

Budzyński M., Chmiel K., 1989. Powtarzalność i zmienność ocen eksterieru koni czystej krwi arabskiej [Repeatability and Variability of Point Scores for Conformation of Purebred Arabian Horses]. Ann. UMCS, Sec. EE, 7(8), 67-74 [in Polish].

Chmiel K., Gajewska A., Sobczuk D., 2002. Ocena wartości hodowlanej ogierów czołowych czystej krwi arabskiej pod względem cech pokrojowych [An Estimation of Breeding Value of Purebred Arabian Leading Sires with Regard to Conformation]. Rocz. Nauk. Zootech. 29(1), 7-17 [in Polish].

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Kownacki M., 1982. Uwarunkowania genetyczne cech użytkowych u koni [Genetic Conditioning of Performance Traits in Horses]. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 264, 449-465 [in Polish].

Maciejowski J., Zięba J., 1982. Genetyka zwierząt i metody hodowlane [Animal Genetics and Breeding Methods]. PWN, Warszawa [in Polish].

Pruski W., 1983. Dwa wieki polskiej hodowli koni arabskich (1778-1978) i jej sukcesy na świecie [Two Centuries of Polish Arabian Horse Breeding (1778-1978) and its Successes throughout the World]. PWRiL, Warszawa [in Polish].

Accepted for print: 26.02.2008

Krystyna Chmiel
Department of Animal Breeding and Use,
Institute of Agricultural Science of Zamosc,
Agricultural Academy of Lublin, Poland
Szczebrzeska 102, 22-400 Zamosc, Poland
Phone: 084 67 72 771
email: kchmiel@wnr.edu.pl

Anna Gajewska
Department of Animal Breeding and Use,
Institute of Agricultural Science of Zamosc,
Agricultural Academy of Lublin, Poland
Szczebrzeska 102, 22-400 Zamosc, Poland
Phone: 084 67 72 775
email: agajewska@wnr.edu.pl

Dorota Sobczuk
Department of Animal Breeding and Use,
Faculty of Agricultural Science,
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
Szczebrzeska 102, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
Phone: (+48 084) 677 27 73
email: dorotasobczuk@wnr.edu.pl

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