EJPAU, 2016, Volume 19, Issue 4

No /
Available Online
Discipline
Sort By:
Date - Discipline - Title
Abstracts:
Hide Abstracts
Title
Autors
19(4) #11
31 Dec 2016
Horticulture
citation  abstract  html 

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is one of the popular seasonal vegetables cultivated in the world under different climatic conditions. This crop is important as a vegetable and medicinal plant used as a component in the diet. The aim of the experiment was to estimate the biodiversity of fungi colonizing pumpkin plants cultivated in the field and determine the strength of the interaction in communities of fungi, by using the biotic activity test. The experiment was set up in the organic farm in Zezulin (Lublin province, Poland) where the pumpkin plants ‘Bambino’ were cultivated in 2010 and 2012. The leaves, stems and roots of pumpkin were collected for mycological analysis at the beginning of fructification (71 BBCH). Laboratory test showed that predominating fungi colonizing plants were Alternaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, Gibberella intricans, F. oxysporum and Tanatephorus cucumeris.

The biotic interactions between the most important species fungi such as A. alternata, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum and other fungal species were studied using the biotic series method. Trichoderma spp. were found as the most effective and positive antagonists against Alternaria alternata, F. oxysporum and F. culmorum. It was show that A. alternata and F. oxysporum were weak competitors because their growth was limited by numerous fungi such as Trichoderma hamatum, Tanatephorus cucumeris and other fungi used in the test. F. culmorum was strong competitor because it limited the growth of other fungi from phyllosphere of pumpkin plants, however its growth can be inhibited by a great number of Trichoderma spp. colonies.

19(4) #10
31 Dec 2016
Environmental Development
citation  abstract  html 

Composting sewage sludge is an interesting alternative to recycling waste as a compost, the more such produced composts are valuable sources of nutrients and organic matter. Unfortunately, most of nutrients, and especially nitrogen and phosphorous are present in hardly available forms. As a result the rate of releasing of available nitrogen and phosphorus forms from compost may be slowly. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous mineralization in sandy soil incubated with two doses of composted sewage sludge (30 and 120 Mg per hectare) over period of 180 days. Carbon mineralization was determined by the measurement of soil respiration (CO2 emission). Besides, total carbon mineralization (TCM) and nitrification index (NI) were calculated. The data showed that with regard to the unamended soil, both the 30 and 120 Mg per hectare treatments similarly influenced on analyzed properties but the effect was more visible in the case of the higher compost dose. The dose of compost amounting to 120 Mg∙ha-1 caused considerable differences between the analysed parameters. Additionally it was found, that compost prepared on the basis of sewage sludge is an valuable fertilizer but at the same time slowly releases nutrients at available forms. For statistical testing, the analysis of variance and post-hoc examination were used.

19(4) #07
16 Dec 2016
Food Science and Technology
citation  abstract  html 

In this study we tested the hypothesis that a product subjected to a single treatment in water (modified technology – a convenience food) will contain more magnesium than the one subjected to a twofold treatment (traditional technology). Moreover, with higher magnesium retention, the nutrient density (ND) of the product will also be higher, as will be the intake of magnesium in a portion of vegetables expressed as a percentage of recommended dietary allowance (RDA). In fresh vegetables, the highest magnesium content was found in spinach and the lowest in white cauliflower. In vegetables prepared for consumption, magnesium retention was highest in frozen products obtained using the modified technology, followed by cooked fresh vegetables, with the lowest retention in product obtained using the traditional technology. The above sequence of magnesium content also applied to ND and RDA values, the ND values easily exceeding 100% for all the samples examined.

19(4) #09
20 Dec 2016
Agronomy
citation  abstract  html 

Detection of the pathogenic bacteria causing blackleg of potato plants is important for seed producers, growers and potato industry. The conventional PCR method using primers specific for Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Y45/Y46), Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (together with Pectobacterium wasabiae) (INPCCF/INPCCR) and Dickeya spp. (Ech1/Ech1’) turned out to be useful to determine the presence of these bacteria among the various microorganisms inhabiting potato stems. In order to minimize the time and costs of a commercial analysis, the pathogen detection method omitted bacterial DNA extraction step. Moreover, universal organic medium was applied for enrichment of the microbial cell number to detection level instead of commonly used isolation of pure bacterial cultures on selective media. Results of our studies confirmed the rising problem of the infection with Dickeya spp. and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum which caused the potato plant wilting during hot summer.

19(4) #03
20 Oct 2016
Agronomy
citation  abstract  html 

Barley scald caused by Rhynchosporium commune is known as one of the most deleterious diseases on barley all over the world, especially in the Middle East including Iran. Barley genotypes screening against this disease is an efficient way to find the more tolerant pedigrees. For this purpose, a field experiment was designed at Ghamlou station in the Kurdistan province of Iran during 2013 and 2014, and reaction of twenty four lines and commercial cultivars were evaluated under natural inoculums of R. commune. Based on our results, the genotypes had different reactions compared with each other during both years of experiment. Disease severity rate in 2013 was higher than in 2014, while reactions of some genotypes showed a positive correlation. All genotypes in 2014 had higher yield than in 2013. It appears that different reaction of the genotypes during these both years was in association with meteorological fluctuations such as rainfall rate. Finding resistant or tolerant genotypes to scald disease and compatible to specific areas along with their extensive cultivation lead to obtain the most adapted and yielding cultivars.

19(4) #02
20 Oct 2016
Horticulture
citation  abstract  html 

Plants of four chrysanthemum cultivars propagated in vitro were tested in terms of survival and plantlets quality after acclimatization under fluorescent lamps (FLs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The plantlets were acclimatized directly or after in vitro rooting. Two out of four cultivars showed lowered survival capability after direct acclimatization; only a few plantlets of ‘Bingo’ and ‘Cool Time’ survived, while most plantlets representing ‘Euro’ and ‘Vymini’ were properly acclimatized, rooted and growing. The survival rate in plantlets acclimatized after in vitro rooting was high, from 85–95% in all the cultivars. The light source did not influence the survival rates. Plantlets quality after acclimatization under LEDs or FLs differed in particular cultivars. In ‘Bingo’ and ‘Vymini’ acclimatized under LEDs the average height of plantlets and fresh weight was higher than under FL. The length of roots was only affected by light source in ‘Vymini’; the roots produced under LEDs were longer. Chlorophyll content was higher under LEDs in ‘Cool Time’ and ‘Euro’. Chrysanthemum acclimatization can be successfully conducted under LEDs and FLs, however it should be forgone by in vitro rooting.

19(4) #04
16 Nov 2016
Agronomy
citation  abstract  html 

Two-way field experiment was set up in a randomized block design in four growing seasons: 2011/2012, 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. Five methods were used when sowing winter cultivars of field pea Assas and white lupine Orus, as well as 5 methods of plant protection against stress conditions in the period of winter dormancy, mainly low temperature (only field pea). Both species were sown on three dates – the beginning of the third decade of September, the end of the first decade, and beginning of the third decade of October. In the season of 2011/2012, no plants of both these species were found after overwintering. In other seasons, the average winter pea density in spring was from 42.5 to 84.5 plants per 1 m2. The studied methods of sowing and protecting plants of field pea did not also cause any significant increase in the level of plants’ winter survival. With quite favourable thermal conditions in winter season, seed yield of winter field pea Assas does not constitute competition for the constantly higher yielding spring forms of this species. White lupine was definitely more sensitive to a low temperature in winter season- plants overwintered only once with a satisfactory yield after sowing the seeds into white mustard or into stubble mulch.

19(4) #08
16 Dec 2016
Veterinary Medicine
citation  abstract  html 

Interferences into maternal nutrient are used in studies related to prenatal programming – the permanent changes in homeostasis of regulatory physiological mechanisms. In present study, the effect of HMB (β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate) maternal administration on body composition in newborn offspring of spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) was studied. The spiny mice were randomized into control (fed with a standard diet) and two experimental sub-groups additionally supplemented with HMB – 0.2 mg/kg of body weight per day in accordance with the time of HMB administration during gestation: period I lasting from the 13th to the 26th day of the gestation and period II lasting from day 26 to day 39 of gestation (lasting generally 39–40 days). Newborn spiny mice from the control group, the HMB I and HMB II groups were weighted and euthanized, and their organ weights were recorded. Maternal HMB-treatment did not significantly influence the body weight of newborns, although the offspring delivered by dams administered with HMB during middle gestation were significantly smaller compared to newborns delivered by dams treated with HMB during the last period of gestation. Lung and spleen weights were increased in the offspring delivered by HMB-treated dams irrespective of the period of administration. The weights of liver, kidneys and heart in the offspring delivered by HMB-treated dams in middle gestation were increased compared to the control group.
    This study showed a time-dependent maternal influence of HMB supplementation on the development of kidneys and liver. The increase in the weight of basal vital organs of newborn offspring in spiny mouse was not proportional to their body size.

19(4) #06
25 Nov 2016
Fisheries
citation  abstract  html 

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV1), an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, occurs in eel and poses a threat to the farmed and wild eel species. With a prevalence of up to 48%, the virus causes severe losses in aquaculture and seriously hampers the recovery of the severely depleted eel stocks. To date, there have been no reports on non-eel species that may act as vectors of AngHV1 transmission. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen marine and freshwater fish species as potential vectors. Totally, 332 fish samples representing 20 families were collected, and DNA from the gills as well as internal organs (liver, kidney, spleen, intestine and heart) was extracted. Detection of the gene fragment encoding the AngHV1 DNA polymerase was positive in 17 fish samples obtained from the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (n = 2), European perch Perca fluviatilis (n = 2), pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca (n = 2), sterlet Acipenser ruthenus (n = 5), and round goby Neogobius melanostomus (n = 6). This is the first study in which non-eel species have been reported as possible AngHV1 carriers. Cohabitation studies should be conducted to test whether these possible vectors may transmit AngHV1 to eel and thereby cause mortality of eel.

19(4) #05
21 Nov 2016
Agronomy
citation  abstract  html 

Trends in global agriculture are expected to move towards an increase in the productivity of linseed, as an oil crop with a valuable composition of unsaturated fatty acids. It is thought that a new agrotechnical approach diversifying linseed cultivation may increase crop yields. The aim of the study was to compare linseed cultivation in pure stand and in mixture with wheat in new sowing proportions (75+25%, 50+50% and 25+75%).

Mixed intercropping of linseed with wheat significantly decreased the length of the inflorescence, which was followed by a decrease in the number of branches and capsules. The spikes of spring wheat were longer in the two-species mixture, which resulted in a greater number of spikelets and grains. In the pure stand, the seed yield (g m-2) for linseed was 297.7, while that of spring wheat was 546.4. The percentage of linseed in the seed yield for the mixtures with a 75, 50 and 25% share of linseed in the mixture was 41.1, 17.7 and 4.9%, respectively. High productivity of linseed in a mixture can be obtained only when its share is optimal (at least 75%). However, the total productivity of components in two-species mixture is lower by about 28% in comparison to pure stand which, from practical point of view, is not excellent agrotechnical solution. The correct proportion of species in a two-species mixture is the most important aspect of plant productivity.

19(4) #01
11 Oct 2016
Agronomy
citation  abstract  html 

Preparation of the turf surface of the football field directly affected on quality and spectacular aspects of the game. Appropriate species selection, pratotechnical treatments and pitch exploitation have influence on the high functional and visual turf advantages. This paper is an original research work with data from 10 years, containing sport turf assessment carried out according to the visual and functional methods and the COBORU classification system. Research was conducted from 2002 to 2011 at the Training Centre for ASA of Polish national women's football in Wrocław. The study includes analysis changes in the species composition after 10 years intensive pitch exploitation and the evaluation of turf quality on the difficult parts of pitch in the particular seasons of observation. Research can be the basis for the development of recommendations for the construction and maintenance of sports fields in Poland. Results confirmed the relationship between selections of mixture of the grasses and intensity of use on the visual and functional quality of sport turfgrass. Value of evaluations depending of part of football field and date of observation.


Legend:  Citation Citation Information     Abstract View Abstract     Article (HTML) View Article (HTML)     Article (PDF) View Article (PDF)