EJPAU, 2012, Volume 15, Issue 1

Two common harvesting methods, stripper header and conventional header were studied economically. Wheat harvest operations, cutting residual stems on the field, Rake then packing for stripper field and wheat harvest, rake operations and also without rake then packing for conventional header were compared. To obtain harvest costs, all parameters affecting on harvesting was measured and calculated. Results showed that residual straw on the stripper field was so minimal and next tillage operations can be done easily. Harvest speed with stripper header was 41% more than conventional. Fuel consumption in wheat harvest with stripper header 5.68 l·ha^-1 has decreased and for collecting straw has increased 23.53 l·ha^-1 than conventional header. Net income from conventional harvesting with rake operations has increased 30% and 35% without rake operation. Totally harvesting income with stripper header 307 000 tom (1100 tom = 1$) and 344 000 tom per hectare was more than conventional header with rake and without rake operation.

The study was performed on the reciprocal hybrids of Salmo salar and Salmo trutta aged from 4 to 24 months, grown in natural conditions. As far as colouration is concerned, the ♀ trout x ♂ salmon hybrids aged 0+ and 1+ were found to resemble salmon of the same age (similar number of spots above and below the lateral line and on the opercular bones, and the spots below the lateral line reached the distance marked by the end of the dorsal fin). The salmon x ♂ trout hybrids resembled trout, but the ranges of variation of individual features were greater than in trout. The hybrids of the two types differed from the parent species in the greater ranges of variation of particular characters, irregular distribution of spots, brighter colours and irregular shapes of larval spots and other spots. Some hybrids representing the two types had untypical lighter colouration with larval spots only or with additional few little spots.

Atopic dermatitis (A D) is a chronic and recurring inflammatory disease with characteristic clinical presentation and significant levels of pruritus. Up to 10% of the canine population is affected atopic dermatitis. Despite many years of scientific research, there are still many of aspects of atopic pathogenesis which require further explanation. The aim of the study was the attempt to present the possibility of displaying mast cell populations in canine atopic dermatitis by using different staining protocols and microscopy techniques. The study was conducted on biopsy material collected from two groups of dogs: atopic and healthy controls. The material was tested by means of light microscopy. Additional study was conducted using TEM – Transmission Electron Microscope. A range of staining methods, as well as possible use of different microscopes types in order to identify and evaluate mast cell population in canine atopic skin, are presented and compared. Depending on the technique used it is possible to evaluate numbers, topography and activity of mast cells in canine skin.

Studies were carried out on seven taxa from beardless (Limniris) section: grassy leaved iris (Iris graminea L.), yellow iris (I. pseudacorus) and Siberian iris (I. sibirica L.), as well as hybrids from Sibiriceae section: I. 'Dreaming Yellow', I. 'Towanda Redflare', I. 'Violet Meer' and I. 'Wiltrud Gissel'. The following parameters were assessed: flower size, the length and width of stamens, the length of pistil, the color of: flower petals, pistil, stamen and pollen. It is considered that tetraploids have twice bigger flowers. The investigations confirmed this opinion. Iris 'Dreaming Yellow', which is tetraploid, has twice bigger individual elements of perianth than diploid taxons. Determining the sizes of individual elements of parental plants' perianth allowed to formulate a standard. It will serve for comparing morphological features of hybrids obtained in future. The identification of colour by means of Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart occured not enough precise.

The study was conducted in the years 1998-2002, at two private nursery farms in the Lublin region, and comprised the estimation of the productivity of the stool bed, and of the quality and the growth dynamics of two apple-tree rootstocks with the greatest economic importance – M.9 and M.26.

Comparing the growth of rootstocks in M.9 and M.26 nurseries on the basis of their length and diameter, and estimating the weight of a single leaf, it was found that all of those traits achieved higher values in the mother plantation of the M.26 rootstock. The growth dynamics of both rootstocks under estimation was similar – the greatest growth increments were recorded during the initial three months. In each of the experiment the nursery of M.26 rootstocks was more productive than that of M.9 rootstocks. The number of rootstocks taken out depended on the age of the mother plantations and increased in the successive years. On average, in the final year of the experiment nearly 80% rootstocks more were obtained than in the first year of the experiment. The highest percentage share, for both M.9 and M.26 rootstocks, was noted for offshoots with diameters above 8 mm – 43.9% and 68.2%, respectively. In the M.9 nursery twice as many non-rooted offshoots were obtained (15.6%) than in the case of the M.26 rootstock.

It was demonstrated that there are correlations among the growth parameters studied, the correlations being stronger between the offshoots diameters and their length than between the length of rootstock offshoots and the weight of a single leaf.

One hundred and eighty unsexed Isa Vendeta broiler chickens were used to study bioavailability of inorganic (sodium selenite) and organic (selenium enriched yeast) form of selenium. Chickens were fed for 6 wk concentrate mixtures containing 0.36 mg·kg^-1 in starter and finisher 0.37 mg·kg^-1 in grower. Selenium content in some birds' tissues was used to determine selenium bioavailability from different, applied in experiment, compounds. Se content in legs muscles, kidneys and femurs of birds that received selenium enriched yeast (gr. II) was clearly higher (P≤0.01) than in control group (gr. I). No treatment differences in Se content in breast muscles, liver and blood serum as well as growth performance and results of post-slaughter analysis of broiler chickens were detected during the trial. Dry matter content in breast and legs muscles (P≤0.05), crude fat content (P≤0.01) in breast muscles as well as crude protein content (P≤0.05) in legs muscles were lower in selenium enriched yeast-fed chickens compared to sodium selenite-fed birds. The findings suggest that selenium from enriched yeast applied concentrate mixtures for broiler chicken are better absorbed than their inorganic equivalent – sodium selenite what was confirmed by higher Se level in some birds' tissues.

Aerobic granules were cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with sucrose as a sole carbon source at superficial upflow air velocity of 1.9 cm/s and under an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2 g COD/L.d. This study shows that cultivated granules during 1 year were stable and had capability in simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. At a 6 h SBR cycle removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), N-NH4⁺, P-PO4^3- were 93%, 66% and 83%, respectively. The value of sludge volume index (SVI) was between 90-110 mL/g and biomass concentration reached up to 8.0 g/L. With the granulation, the specific gravity and surface hydrophobicity of sludge increased and aerobic granules mean diameter was 4.9 mm.

The example of deploying the John Deere 1070 DT 3 harvester in the conditions of the Jeseníky Mountains demonstrates the dependences of the costs of the harvester technology on the conditions. There is an example of a quality designed forest transport network in this area which enables using modern harvesting-transportation technologies as well as using a cableway in terrains with high gradients.