EJPAU, 2003, Volume 6, Issue 1
Horticulture

The object of the studies was the soil after one-year, two-year, three-year and four-year cultivations of runner bean and the soil from black fallow. The microbiological analysis showed that particular soil samples varied in quantitative and qualitative composition. The smallest number of bacteria and fungi colonies characterized the black fallow soil. On the other hand, the greatest number of microorganism colonies was found in the soil after a three-year-long cultivation of runner bean. In the soil after a four-year-long cultivation of this plant the studies observed a decreased total number of bacteria, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. as well as the total number of fungi. The mycological analysis showed that after a one-year-long cultivation of bean pathogenic fungi constituted 25%, while after four years of cultivation the pathogens made up 82% of all isolations. The proportion of saprotrophic fungi was reverse. After a four-year-long cultivation of runner bean the species

Lovage garden (Levisticum officinale Koch.) is many years' - herbaceous plant numbered to raw materials curative and spice. To biologically active compounds stepping out both; in root and organ above-ground belong: essential oils, carbohydrates, glairs, phenolic acids and among them: caffeic and chlorogenic acids, coumaric acids: umbelliferone, and furanocoumarins: psoralene and bergaptene, and besides b-sitosterol and organic acids.

Qualitative and quantitative chromatographic analysis (HPLC) of phenolic acids fraction (free phenolic acids and released after acid and alkaline hydrolysis) extracted from leaves, inflorescences and rhizomes of Silphium perfoliatum L. collected in 2000 was presented in paper.

The analysis of the average age of varieties was carried out for 1535 varieties ascribed to 56 taxa and owned by both Polish and foreign breeders in the years 1988-2000. A vegetable variety was ca. 9 years old on average. For particular crops the value ranged from 1 for stem lettuce to 30 years for garden sorrel and turnip.

The studies examined the effect of forecrop green manures in the form of oats and field pea on the yielding and selected elements of the nutritious value of white cabbage, ‘Amager’ cultivar. The cabbage was cultivated directly after organic fertilization. The plants meant for green manure were sown in early spring, and they were ploughed in on the first days of June. The whole biomass or only the aftercrop residue was introduced into the soil. The effect of the forecrop green manure was compared to the effect of farmyard manure in the dose of 25 t·ha^-1. The greatest yields of cabbage were obtained after farmyard manure. Field pea was characterized by a very similar yield-forming effect to that of farmyard manure. The greatest amount of dry matter was found in the cabbage cultivated after oats, while the greatest quantity of sugars and vitamin C – after field pea. The amount of the organic matter introduced into the soil had no significant effect on the yielding or the cont

On the area of Poland there occur regions with excessive pollution of the natural environment, therefore, there is a risk of producing fruits containing harmful chemical components. The objective of this work was the determination of the degree of such risk.

The aim of work was to investigate the possibility of producing young white Christmas rose plants of commercial value from seedlings during one vegetation season. One, two, three, four, or five seedlings each were planted in containers and then cultivated according to commonly accepted rules.

The studies examined the fertilizing value of rye straw and green manure from non-papilionaceous plants in vegetable cultivation, in the soil and climatic conditions of central-eastern Poland against the background of the control, which was not organically fertilized, and farmyard manure. In the experimental conditions of the studies the size of the yields was related to the manner of using the intercrops. Higher yields of cabbage and red beets were obtained after ploughing in the whole intercrop biomass than after ploughing in the crop residues. The manner of using the catch crops did not cause any significant changes in onion yielding. The highest yields of vegetables were achieved after ploughing in the phacelia intercrop, which exceeded the effect of manure. Among the applied doses of rye straw, the best yield-forming effect during the studies was characteristic of straw in the dose of 4 t·ha^-1.

The subject of the studies conducted in the years 1999-2001 was the occurrence of aphids and their natural enemies on the shrubs of common and Pfitzer juniper. Observations were carried out in the green areas of the city in a street (A) and a park (B) sites. The studies established the presence of one aphid species of Cinara juniperi De Geer. Aphids occurred in the largest numbers on common juniper shrubs in 2001, and on Pfitzer juniper in 2000. It was also observed that on both species of juniper the population of aphids was bigger in site A than in site B.